User:TereBon22/sandbox

 Morphology 

One of the language characteristics found in Mixtec Mixtepec is cliticization, that is identified as <’> in orthography. It is a feature in syntax and morphology that has syntactically features of a word yet, it is phonologically dependent another (like a bound morpheme).

                                                Cliticization 

Mixtepec Mixtec                                            English

'Siki so’o'                                                        'Earrings'

'Kua’an'                                                           'Go'

'Kuis nchua’ati tutu'                                         'The animal is carrying a lot of wood'

'Kuan’an skuela kutu’u nuu skuleru'                'Go to school to learn from a teacher'

 Morphological Description 

When a verb starts with /t/, /ts/, /k/, or /sk/, the past tense aspect is nì-, although it may vary because the completive aspect is not as marked but still sustains the L tone prefix.

                                                     Prefixes 

Mixtec Mixtepec        English                                                                      

(Present Participle)

ká’à yù                        ‘I am talking’

kíkuù                           ‘I am sewing’

(Past Tense)

nìkà à yù                     ‘I talked’

nìkìkuù                        ‘I sewed’

When a verb starts with /k/ as shown in the example above, it is expressed as present participle, while the prefix nì- is the past tense of /k/.  

Mixtepec Mixtec       English     

                                         (Present Participle)                

Tíiì                           ‘I am holding’

Tzí’iì                           ‘I am drinking’

(Past Tense)

Ndìiì                            ‘I held’

Ndzì’iì                        ‘I drank’

When the verb begins with /t/ it is expressed in present participle, however the past tense prefix are n(d)i- and n(dz)ì- . 

Suffixes

(First person singular suffixes)

Mixtepec Mixtec      English              Mixtepec Mixtec              English

nàmá                           ‘soap’                       nàmáà                         ‘my soap’

tìinà ncháá               ‘blue dog’                   tìinà nchááà                ‘my blue dog’

sòkò                        ‘shoulder’                    sòkò yù                       ‘my shoulder’

ve’e nchá’ì             ‘black house’              ve’e nchá’ì yù              ‘my black house’

The suffix in first person singular are marked in the form -yù when they are final L tone, therefore when it is not unmarked it shown to have a repetitive vowel with accent above the vowel <à, ì, ù>.

(Third person singular) 

Mixtepec Mixtec                  English                       Mixtepec Mixtec              English

sàmá                                         ‘clothing’                     sàmíì                               ‘his clothing

vàá’a                                          ‘bad’                           vàá’ì                                 ‘it is bad’

sì’ i                                              ‘leg’                             sì’aà                               ‘his leg’

kachìí                                       ‘cotton’                        kachìáà                             ‘she is dying’

The suffix in a pronoun that ends with à become -ì when it is third person singular,  and for /i/ it is suffixed with -à.