User:Tewdar/sandbox/Junk

Funnelbeaker Scrapbook
genome-wide stuff


 * FBC are genetically distinct from PWC and BAC: FBC closely related to other European farmer populations, mostly farmer ancestry, and distinct from nearby and contemporaneous PWC hunter-gatherers; PWC related to Scandinavian HGs with some farmer admixture; BAC related to CWC individuals.


 * FBC individuals: Neolithic farmers with slightly higher Mesolithic western hunter-gatherer component compared with other early neolithic populations


 * Like other European Farmer groups, (Scandinavian) TRBs are genetically similar to modern southern Europeans (esp. Sardinians)


 * Early Scandinavian farmers had significant WHG-related ancestry together with Anatolian Farmer ancestry but were not closely related to SHGs (> PWC), although they coexisted side by side for >1000 years (...with minimal gene flow...)


 * Allentoft 2024: Scandinavia 5600-5600 BP individuals : mean 78.94% Boncuklu_10000BP, 20.75% Italy_15000BP_9000BP, with values ranging from 89.2% to 67% Boncuklu, and 33% to 10.8% Italy_15000BP


 * Advanced pixel analysis of the graphic in Malmström et al. 2020 reveals that in Central European FBs, Farmer ancestry ranged from 64.85-65.45%, with a mean of 65.15%, while HG ancestry ranged from 35.15-34.55%, with a mean of 34.85. In Scandinavian FBs, NF ancestry ranged from 35.15 - 66.06, with a mean of 51.88 while HG ancestry ranged from 33.94 - 55.15, with a mean of 44.61. Two of the Scandinavian FB individuals were modelled as having 'Cyan' ancestry, common in Yamnaya and CW, ranging from 7.27-8.48%. The same individuals also had a mysterious "magenta ancestry", ranging from 0.61-1.21%.


 * Either WHG-like pop admixed with ANFs in C Europe, or ANFs admixed with local WHG -like hunter-gatherers


 * FBC= c. 4000 bce Population turnover of preceding mesolithic hunter-gatherer population who were replaced by incoming groups of mostly Anatolian neolithic farmer ancestry, with a relatively large proportion of non-local mainly Western hunter-gatherer related ancestry compared to most other European Neolithic groups, with limited additional admixture from local hunter-gatherers in some regions.


 * In Denmark, additional limited (< 10%) admixture with local Danish Mesolithic hunter-gatherer populations occured after c. 5400 BP. Additional local hunter gatherer admixture was not detected in sweden.


 * Papac et al. estimates date of WHG introgression for Funnelbeaker c.5079-4748 BCE


 * Bohemia Funnelbeaker can be modelled as admixture of Anatolia Neolithic and Loschbour


 * Papac indicates a largely (significantly > 50%) non-local origin of Bohemian Funnelbeakers


 * Neolithic individuals in Denmark form a genetic cluster with indivs from FBC contexts in Sweden and Poland


 * Neolithic individuals in Denmark are closely related to Polish GAC individuals, suggesting Eastern European origin of FBC


 * Female from FBC in Mittnik et al. 2018 best modelled as combination of LBK and either WHG or Baltic HG, (not SHG)


 * Scandinavian FBC individuals are more closely related to British Neolithic individuals than they are to Central European farmers (Atlantic Façade migrations, etc.)


 * Polish TRBs are similar to Lengyel indivs but with slightly higher hunter-gatherer component . Polish TRBs significantly more closely related to Scandinavian TRBs than to Baltic Early and Middle Neolithic indivs

uniparental stuff
YDNA patrilineal and socially stratified society?

Haak2015, Mathieson 2018 I0172,Esperstedt_MN,Esperstedt,I2a1b1a1,90.0%,25.372X, Salzmuende/Bernberg

I0807,Baalberge_MN,Esperstedt,I, 9.6%,0.086X, Baalberge?

I0559,Baalberge_MN,Quedlinburg, R1b1a(xR1b1a1a2),1.4%,0.163X, Baalberge

I0551,Salzmuende_MN,Salzmuende-Schiebzig,G2a2a,14.6%,0.091X,Salzmuende

A male from Malmström et al. 2019 was ydna IJ-M429

4 males in Sánchez-Quinto et al. 2019 from megalith at Ansarve, Gotland were YDNA haplogroup I2a1b1a1, I2a1b1a1, I2a1b, I2a1b1a1.

Malmström 2019:

ydna IJ-M429

Sánchez-Quinto et al. 2019


 * Ansarve, Gotland: (Ansarve Males YDNA haplogroup I2a1b1a)

Lipson 2017

1x G2a2a1 1x IJK (x J)

mtdna


 * mtdna haplogroups H, T, J and K are found in FBC individuals, similarly to other farmer populations. U and K are rare in Scandanavian FBC.


 * However U5b haplotypes were (2nd most common) in Central Euro FBC groups


 * The mtdna diversity at FBC sites show that burial sites were not dominated by a single maternal lineage


 * U5a and U5b are found at FBC sites in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in southern TRB groups (Baalberge, Salzmünde, and Bernburg)


 * In Ansarve individuals hunter-gatherer admixture is found on both autosomes and X-chromo, supporting scenario of recent admixture with local Northern European HGs


 * Ansarve, Gotland: mtDNA diversity > YDNA diversity; similar pattern of uniparental haplogroups to other farmer groups from 4th M BCE, suggests male-biased admixture between farmers and hunter-gatherers


 * similar mtdna haplogroup distributions are found in Ansarve group and Central European early/mid neolithic farmers; groups from Swedish passage graves similar mtdna haplos (higher mtdna haplo H) to early Neolithic Gurgy group from Paris Basin


 * Swedish passage graves group mtdna haplos shows SW Euro similarities; high freq of haplo H (> 50%) found in central European FBC collective burials and Lengyel group, which resembles mtdna distribution of Iberian early neolithic pops, suggests complex interactions between middle neolithic European groups


 * K, T, and H, as well as J1 and J2 are found in Swedish passage graves indivs from Västergötland and Öland. Gökheim group shows evidence of hunter-gatherer admixture (mtdna lineages, presumably...see Skögland 2012 & 2014)


 * high (c. 30%) frequencies of HG mtdna haplogroups in scandinavian FBC individuals, along with 60% neolithic mtdna haplogroups, intermediate between hunter-gatherer groups and the Early to Middle Neolithic Mittelelbe-Saale region cultures.


 * Later Central European FBC cultures of the Mittelelbe-Saale region, eg. Bernburg culture, had higher HG lineages (29.4%) and lower farmer lineages (47.1%), similar to Scandinavian FBC groups. Increased frequency of haplogroups U5a and U5b are found in Bernburg culture, suggesting a migration of Funnelbeaker groups from the north to Central Europe c. 3100 BCE.


 * Regional differences in mtdna composition of various FBC groups suggest different migration patterns and admixture events in different areas of FBC.


 * FBC indivs are a mixture of hunter-gatherer (U5a,U5b) and neolithic farmer (T2, J, K) mtdna lineages (20% hg, 40% neolithic farmer)


 * FBC context individuals had no maternal connection to CWC groups


 * Haak 2015 mtdna % (n=10) : H 10 T2 30 J 20 U5a 10 U5b 20 K 10

Juras 2021: separate FBC into 2 groups (North West and Central East)

for NW group

H = 36.842%, T =21.053%, J = 15.789%, U3 =5.263%, U5a =5.263%, U5b =10.526%, K=5.263%

for CE group,

W =11.538%, X =7.692%, H=34.615%, T=11.538%, J=3.846%, U=3.846%, U3=3.846%, U5a=3.846%, U5b=15.385%, K=3.846%

Combined (n=45)

W 6.667, X 4.444, H 35.556, T 15.556, J 8.889, U 2.222, U3 4.444, U5a 4.444, U5b 13.333, K 4.444

Malmström 2019: two FBCs from Rössberga, Sweden:

mt K1b1a1 mt J1c5

uncontaminated 😁 FBC mtdna haplos from Mittnik 2018: 3 x T2b

admix with other groups

 * Battle Axe Culture may be result of migrating CWC groups from southern Baltic region mixing with FBC groups in Scandinavia


 * Also evidence of limited gene flow between FBC and PWC groups. PWC admixture into FBC may have occured prior to admixture between CWC and FBC.

Mittnik et al. 'do not reject' 😁 a model in which PWC = SHG (c. 74%) + FBC (c. 26%)