User:Texasbird/Ioway Tribal National Park

History
Formerly inhabiting what is now the state of Iowa, the Iowa people were relocated to northeastern Kansas in 1836. The Ioway Reservation originally included 12,000 acres. Following the Dawes Act of 1887, the land was sold to or acquired by non-Indians, who by the 1940s owned 90% of the land. As of 2020 the tribe has reacquired one-third of its original territory.

Botanist Ray Schulenberg owned the land where the national park would come to be for 60 years. He lived there in a shack, preserving and restoring the tallgrass prairie. He donated the land to The Nature Conservancy in 1989.

In 2018, the Nature Conservancy of Nebraska transferred 160 acres of historic tribal land in Richardson County to the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. The Nature Conservancy purchased the land in 1994 with help from the Nebraska Environmental Trust. In 2020, the Nature Conservancy transferred an additional 284 acres of land to the tribe.

The Ioway Tribal National Park was established in November 2020 and is the largest tribal national park in the United States. It is the second tribal national park to be established after the creation of Frog Bay Tribal National Park which happened in 2011.

Information


The Ioway Tribal National Park is located entirely within the 3000-acre Rulo Bluffs Preserve. The state of Nebraska has designated the Rulo Bluffs as a Biologically Unique Landscape. Collecting and motorized vehicles on the preserve are prohibited unless needed for management and tribal permission is required for access to the park.

Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska Vice Chair Lance Foster indicated that the national park would be used for camping, birdwatching, and hiking.

The Ioway Tribal National Park overlooks an historic trading village, the Leary Site, that was used to trade items like buffalo hides and pipe stones and was active in 13th to 15th centuries. The area is also an important home for three burial mounds that date all the way back to 3000 years.

While it is the second tribal national park to be established the park is not a unit under the National Park Service. The near by the village called the Leary Site is designated as a National Historical Landmark and thus managed by the National Park Service.

Habitat
The Ioway Tribal National Park includes overlapping ecosystems of tallgrass prairie, ridgetop prairie, and hardwood forest. Trees found in the park include pin oak, bur oak, red oak, hickory, black walnut, redbud, ironwood, buckeye, American basswood, and pawpaw. Woodland flora such as jack-in-the-pulpit and yellow lady's slipper also live in the park. Fauna living in the park include southern flying squirrels, timber rattlesnakes, and cerulean warblers.