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Conservation Scientists play an important role in the care, treatment, and analysis of material culture. The scientific analysis of objects allows insight to an objects condition, technology of manufacture, history and authenticity. Using a wide range of analysis methods, conservation scientists examine artifacts; study materials used in treatments or in the museum environment; and investigate surrogate objects subjected to accelerated aging or treatment tests. Although several instruments allow scientists to characterize materials in a non-destructive and non-invasive fashion, it can be necessary and appropriate to take very small, microscopic samples. Because ethical guidelines of professional organizations in the field of conservation prioritize the use of non-destructive approaches for materials characterization, conservation scientists collaborate with other scientists and instrument manufacturers to develop and adapt new non- or minimally invasive analytical techniques.