User:Th4td4nc3r13/sandbox

Narcissistic personality disorder

Under “Causes”:

The cause is currently posted as "unknown". Is it not well established that Narcissism is caused by childhood abuse/neglect and epigenetics? The general consensus seems to be threefold which are: (1) pathological pampering (typically due to a narcissistic caregiver projecting onto the child an idealized perception of them to satisfy the narcissists beliefs in the child being a perfect extension of themselves), (2) rejection of child (often in a environment of conditional attention, high criticism, and hyper-competitiveness), (3) epigenetic inheritance from recent ancestors with NPD

Under “Others”:

A fourth type is the communal narcissist. Communal narcissism is a form of narcissism that occurs in group settings. It is characterized by an inflated sense of importance and a need for admiration from others. In relation to the grandiose narcissist, a communal narcissist is arrogant and self-motivating, and shares the sense of entitlement and grandiosity. However, the communal narcissist seeks power and admiration in the communal realm. They see themselves as altruistic, saintly, caring, helpful, and warm. Individuals who display communal narcissism often seek out positions of power and influence within their groups.

Under “Prognosis”:

Though there is no single cure for NPD, there are some things one can do to lessen their symptoms. Medications such as Antidepressants (These medications treat depression. Healthcare providers commonly prescribe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This class of drugs has fewer side effects than other antidepressants. SSRI medications include fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine), Mood Stabilizers (to reduce mood swings, your provider may prescribe a mood-stabilizing drug such as lithium), and Antipsychotic drugs (this type of medication can help with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Aripiprazole and risperidone are two kinds of antipsychotic drugs) are available, and often recommended for those with NPD ( https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9742-narcissistic-personality-disorder ).

In relation to “Confusion”:

The presence of NPD in patients undergoing psychotherapy for the treatment of other mental disorders is associated with slower treatment progress and higher dropout rates. In this therapy, the goals often are examining traits and behaviors that negatively affect life, identifying ways these behaviors cause distress to the person and others, exploring early experiences that contributed to narcissistic defenses, developing new coping mechanisms to replace those defenses, helping the person see themselves and others in more realistic and nuanced ways, rather than wholly good or wholly bad, identifying and practicing more helpful patterns of behavior, developing interpersonal skills, and learning to consider the needs and feelings of others. ( https://psychcentral.com/disorders/narcissistic-personality-disorder/treatment#therapy-options )

Deaf education-

Under “Issues”:

Two general methods of deaf education are manualism and oralism. Manualism is instruction using sign language, and oralism uses spoken language. Although controversy has existed since the early eighteenth century about which method is more effective, many deaf-educational facilities attempt to integrate both approaches. The National Association of the Deaf advocates a bilingual approach, to best support deaf students in their education.

There are also disputes over which form of schooling is best for children who are deaf. Some say that mainstream schooling with other non-deaf students is the best because it prepares students for the real world where there is a mix of both hearing and deaf people. While others say that sending their child to a deaf school is the better option because it surrounds their child with other students who are like them. Neither is better than the other and it is important to keep in mind that what is best for one child probably will not be the same for another.

The issues surrounding the education of deaf and hard of hearing students are unique and complex. Students must have access to full communication in the educational setting so they can learn and thrive. Federal and state education laws also play a role in ensuring that deaf and hard of hearing students receive a quality education ( https://www.nad.org/resources/education/k-12-education/ ).