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Synthesized for the first time in 1921 by Ernest Fourneau in the laboratory of medicinal chemistry at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, the acetarsol is a term of the making of the famous Salvarsan, derived by Paul Ehrlich from the atoxyl of Antoine Béchamp, and known as first drug ever synthesized. The development of the acetarsol proved that pentavalent arsenic compounds were not dangerous, contrary to Ehrlich and Hata's opinion, and Fourneau, Tréfouël and Benoit publications on these derivatives revived the race for drugs of similar order.

Tried against primary syphilis by Edmond Fournier at Cochin Hospital, the sodium salt of acetarsol, more stable than the acid and orally active, was marketed under the name Stovarsol ("fourneau" being the French term for "stove").

The extensions
The Stovarsol would be long used in the treatment of infectious, cryptogenic, parasitic or due to tuberculosis diarrhea, as well as in the treatment of lichen planus and some spirochaetosises including syphilis. One of its isomers, 270 F or Orsanine discovered by Fourneau in 1925, would prove effective by injection against sleeping sickness. Later again, Arsthinol, its complexation derivative with dimercaprol synthesized in 1949 by Ernst Friedheim, would be used in the treatment of amoebiasis and yaws.