User:TheJoebro64/drafts/GreatSuccess

Borat Margaret Sagdiyev is a satirical character portrayed by English comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. A cringe comedy character who parodies Third World stereotypes, Borat is an inept Kazakh journalist whose antisemitic, misogynistic, and racist worldview clashes with Western culture. Humour arises from his espousal of his prejudices, his deadpan violation of social taboos, and his vulgar language and behavior. As Borat, Baron Cohen interviews unsuspecting subjects who believe he is an oblivious foreigner, unaware they have been set up for ridicule.

Baron Cohen based Borat on a Jewish doctor he met while vacationing in Astrakhan. He developed Borat throughout the late 1990s before his first appearance on Da Ali G Show (2000–2004). In his performance, Baron Cohen attempted to expose the ignorance and bigotry pervading Western culture using the Borat character's prejudices. He initially focused on British subjects, but moved onto Americans as he garnered fame. Baron Cohen retired Borat in 2007 because he felt the character had become too recognisable, but revived him in the late 2010s. He retired Borat again in 2021 due to safety concerns and to focus on scripted comedy.

Borat features in the mockumentary films Borat (2006) and Borat Subsequent Moviefilm (2020). The films comprise unscripted vignettes of Borat interacting with Americans, including well-known figures such as Pamela Anderson and Rudy Giuliani, connected by an overarching framing device. Both films received positive reviews and were noted for their commentary of American culture. Borat was a major box-office success, grossing over $262 million worldwide, and Subsequent Moviefilm was one of the most-viewed straight-to-streaming films of 2020. Both films were controversial, and some participants took legal action against the producers.

Borat is Baron Cohen's most successful character and a pop culture icon. Variety called him one of the most recognizable comedic characters and Entertainment Weekly said he "gave us some of the most incisive cultural commentary ever filmed." Baron Cohen won two Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance. Borat has been cited as one of the best films of the 2000s and was influential in the development of the mockumentary genre. However, the character has been accused of perpetuating negative Third World stereotypes, and generated controversy for his portrayal of Kazakhstan and antisemitic comments.

1996–1999: Background
Borat Sagdiyev was created by Sacha Baron Cohen, an English comedian known for portraying satirical characters. Baron Cohen started developing fictitious personae in college "partly as a way to get into places without paying". He entered the entertainment industry after graduating; while working for Talk TV at London Weekend Television, he met director Mike Toppin, who encouraged him to develop his characters further. During a vacation in in Astrakhan, Southern Russia, Baron Cohen met a Jewish doctor and cab driver who he found humorous. He recalled: "The moment I met him, I started laughing. I remember meeting him, and him saying, 'You're English, yes, you're English – you say cock, but Americans, they say a cack. Yes, they say a cack. You say a cock and they say a cack.' Within seconds, me and my friends were crying with laughter."

When Baron Cohen was working on F2F, a Granada Talk TV show that he presented between 1996 and 1997, Toppin asked him to use his characters for interviews. Baron Cohen was inspired by the Russian doctor to create Alexi Krickler, a reporter from Moldova who has trouble understanding British culture. The character first appeared in 1996 F2F sketches. Baron Cohen discovered that upper-class subjects, who desired to appear polite, tended to have considerable patience with him. Baron Cohen showed footage of himself in-character at a pro-fox hunting rally to the producers of Channel 4's The 11 O'Clock Show (1998–2000); the producers immediately hired him. Baron Cohen continued to develop Alexi alongside another character, Ali G, and Alexi became Albanian journalist Kristo Shqiptari, who appeared on BBC's Comedy Nation (1998–1999).

2000–2004: Da Ali G Show
Baron Cohen was given his own program following the popularity of his Ali G skits and decided to feature Kristo on it, renaming the character Borat. Da Ali G Show premiered on Channel 4 in 2000 and quickly made Borat recognizable, to the point that Baron Cohen could no longer trick Britons into participating in interviews. As a result, the show's second and third seasons (2003 and 2004) were filmed in the United States, where interview subjects were unlikely to recognize Baron Cohen.

Baron Cohen changed Borat's homeland to Kazakhstan since it was a relatively obscure country, and made him antisemitic, misogynistic, and racist; his intent was to use Borat's prejudices to expose bigotry and indifference in Western culture. Baron Cohen explained that through Borat's heritage and prejudices, "we could essentially play on stereotypes [the public] might have about this ex-Soviet backwater. The joke is not on Kazakhstan. I think the joke is on people who can believe that the Kazakhstan that I describe can exist". To trick individuals into participating in interviews with Borat, a representative for Baron Cohen contacted individuals claiming to represent One America Productions, a fictitious film production company. The representative said that Borat was a foreigner filming a documentary about American life. On the day of the interview, the subject was provided a release form and payment. Baron Cohen then arrived and attempted to demonstrate he was actually Kazakh with gifts, such as cigarettes, fish tins, or cookies. In one case, conservative political activist Alan Keyes walked out an interview in horror after he accepted what Baron Cohen, as Borat, claimed was "the rib of a Jew".

Baron Cohen did not break character until production wrapped for the day. The camera crew, according to producer Dan Mazer, pretended that they were "being lumbered with this stupid foreign guy"; they repeatedly apologised for Borat's behavior to feign innocence. Borat began to court controversy after Da Ali G Show aired in the United States. James Broadwater, a Republican candidate for Congress, demanded that the Federal Communications Commission exert greater control over the "liberal, anti-God media" after Borat fooled him into saying that Jews who did not convert to Christianity would go to Hell. Meanwhile, the Anti-Defamation League complained about a segment in which Borat sang the antisemitic song "In My Country There Is Problem" in a Tucson, Arizona bar; many patrons were shown responding gleefully and singing along. A later investigation by The Jewish Daily Forward found that most patrons were aware the song was a joke and Borat was a comedian in disguise.


 * https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/558087/facts-about-da-ali-g-show-sacha-baron-cohen
 * https://www.looper.com/30476/untold-truth-da-ali-g-show/
 * https://www.biography.com/news/sacha-baron-cohen-borat-origins

2005–2006: Borat
Following Borat's success on Da Ali G Show, Baron Cohen began planning a film spin-off. Principal photography was underway by January 2005, when Baron Cohen, as Borat, caused a near-riot at a rodeo in Virginia. The script was credited to Baron Cohen, Anthony Hines, Peter Baynham, and Dan Mazer; Seth Rogen and Patton Oswalt also contributed, but went uncredited. Old School (2003) director Todd Phillips was set to direct the film, but left after the rodeo stunt because he received death threats. Larry Charles, a former staff writer for Seinfeld (1989–1998), took over as director.

Borat is a mockumentary that follows Borat and his producer, Azamat Bagatov (Ken Davitian), as they film a documentary about American culture to educate the people of Kazakhstan. During the trip, Borat falls in love with actress Pamela Anderson after watching an episode of Baywatch, and resolves to travel to California and make her his wife. Like Da Ali G Show, Borat is composed of unscripted vignettes of Borat interacting with real-life Americans. Approximately 80 per cent of the film is unscripted, and only four participants—Baron Cohen, Davitian, Anderson, and comedienne Luenell, who portrays a fictionalised version of herself—were actors. Since Da Ali G Show had aired on HBO in the United States, much of Borat was filmed in the Deep South, where cable television was not widespread. Baron Cohen was almost arrested a number of times during filming and was placed on a Federal Bureau of Investigation watchlist, while two crew members spent a day in jail after filming a stunt at a Manhattan hotel.

Borat premiered at the Traverse City Film Festival in August 2006, and was released in theatres by 20th Century Fox the following November. It received critical acclaim and became a cultural phenomenon, with many showings sold out. A number of critics, including Roger Ebert, described it as one of the funniest films they had seen in years. Borat grossed $262 million worldwide on a budget of $18 million during its theatrical run, and was nominated for numerous accolades; Baron Cohen won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. The film drew controversy; numerous participants spoke out against it, and some took legal action. Baron Cohen said of the lawsuits: "Some of the letters I get are quite unusual, like the one where the lawyer informed me I'm about to be sued for $100,000 and at the end says, 'P.S. Loved the movie. Can you sign a poster for my son Jeremy?'" Additionally, the film was banned in every Arab country except Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates.

2007–2018: Hiatus
In November 2007, a book written from the perspective of Borat was published by Flying Dolphins Press. The book has the dual titles Borat: Touristic Guidings To Minor Nation of U.S. and A. and Borat: Touristic Guidings To Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan; half of it is about America and half about Kazakhstan. Hines was credited with writing the book, with contributions from Baron Cohen. Entertainment Weekly John Wolk found Touristic Guidings "about half as much fun" as the film, writing that it has its moments but that it "leans on [Borat's] favorite punchlines... until they're boring, not shocking".

While Rupert Murdoch announced in February 2007 that Baron Cohen had signed on to do another Borat film with 20th Century Fox, in December 2007, Baron Cohen announced he was retiring Borat. Baron Cohen explained that he felt he could no longer deceive subjects as Borat because the character was too well known. "The problem with success, although it's fantastic, is that every new person who sees the Borat movie is one less person I 'get' with Borat again, so it's a kind of self-defeating form, really," he said. He described retiring the character as "like saying goodbye to a loved one" and "quite a sad thing", as he had grown to "love" the persona.


 * https://ew.com/article/2007/11/02/borat-touristic-guidings-minor-nation-us-and-andglorious-nation-kazakhstan/
 * https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2007/may/27/borat-offers-tourist-guide/
 * http://www.bookgasm.com/reviews/entertainment/borat/
 * https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6805233/borat-donald-trump-jimmy-kimmel

2019–2020: Borat Subsequent Moviefilm
Baron Cohen began developing a Borat sequel after Donald Trump was elected President of the United States. He feared Trump's presidency would lead to democratic backsliding and "felt [he] had to do something" before the 2020 presidential election. Baron Cohen decided it was necessary to revive Borat in a film that "reveal[ed] the dangerous slide to authoritarianism" and provoked alarm among Americans about a potential slide into illiberal democracy. Borat Subsequent Moviefilm was directed by Jason Woliner, while the script was credited to Baron Cohen, Anthony Hines, Dan Swimer, Peter Baynham, Erica Rivinoja, Dan Mazer, Jena Friedman, and Lee Kern.

Filming began in late 2019, when Baron Cohen interviewed Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller and traveled to an Arlington, Texas driving range. Subsequent Moviefilm was produced in secret; to avoid recognition, Baron Cohen adopted a variety of disguises. At the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in February 2020, Baron Cohen—dressed as Trump—interrupted Vice President Mike Pence's speech. The following June, a disguised Baron Cohen performed pranks at a gun rights rally in Olympia, Washington, leading attendees to sing along to a song with racist lyrics. News of Subsequent Moviefilm existence did not surface until Baron Cohen was spotted as Borat in Los Angeles in August 2020. Baron Cohen's identity was not revealed at the time of his CPAC prank, while news media speculated that the gun rally prank was for a new season of his television series Who Is America? (2018).

Subsequent Moviefilm is set 14 years after the events of the first film. After Borat humiliates Kazakhstan, Borat is sentenced to life imprisonment in a gulag, but is released and tasked with gifting a monkey to the Trump administration in an attempt to rehabilitate the country's image. However, Borat's 15-year-old daughter Tutar (Maria Bakalova) sneaks into the monkey's shipping crate and eats it, so Borat resolves to gift her instead. A significant portion of the film deals with the COVID-19 pandemic, and its conclusion jokingly postulates that the Kazakhstan government created COVID-19 and used Borat to spread it (making him patient zero) as revenge for the success of Borat making Kazakhstan a laughingstock. Baron Cohen wore a bulletproof vest while filming portions of Subsequent Moviefilm, such as the gun rights rally, due to fears over his personal safety.

Subsequent Moviefilm was released by Amazon Studios on Prime Video in October 2020, after a number of distributors declined to release it due to its political content. To promote the film, Baron Cohen joined various social media platforms, including Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter, in-character as Borat. Subsequent Moviefilm received positive reviews—albeit not to the level of acclaim that Borat received—and became the second-most-viewed straight-to-streaming film of 2020 behind Disney's Hamilton at the time. Like the first film, Subsequent Moviefilm drew controversy, particularly over a scene in which former Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani appears to place his hands in his pants in front of Bakalova. Giuliani said he was simply tucking in his shirt and called the film's framing of the event "a hit job". Controversy over what happened in the scene led Baron Cohen to record a brief clip as Borat in which he mockingly defended Giuliani.

2021–present: Miniseries and second retirement
In January 2021, Baron Cohen stated that he only revived Borat for Subsequent Moviefilm and did not have plans for a third Borat film. He explained: "There was a purpose to this movie, and I don't really see the purpose to doing it again. So yeah, he's locked away in the cupboard." A miniseries, Borat Supplemental Reportings was released on Prime Video on May 25, 2021; the miniseries comprises deleted scenes from Subsequent Moviefilm.

Baron Cohen announced in February that he was retiring Borat again to focus on scripted comedy. Having to wear a bulletproof vest while filming Subsequent Moviefilm contributed to his decision, as he found it anxiety-inducing.


 * https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/12/sacha-baron-cohen-revives-borat-to-roast-kanye-west-and-donald-trump

Character


Borat Sagdiyev is a well-meaning but foolish journalist and broadcaster who hails from a fictionalised Kazakhstan. Vulture described Borat as a parody of an ignorant American's idea of a Third World native. He is antisemitic, mysogynistic, and racist, and unaware that First World natives do not share his regressive worldview. The satirical Kazakhstan that he comes from bears little resemblance to the actual country; it is portrayed as a backwards, intolerant nation filled with rapists, incest, prostitutes, and preschools where children brandish firearms. The cringe comedy, according to The New York Times, "relies on the interview subjects' discomfort and efforts to appear tolerant of the odd customs and quirks of a man representing an unfamiliar culture."

As Borat, Baron Cohen wears a mustache and a gray suit and adopts a faux Russian accent. He speaks in broken English, and his catchphrases include "very nice", "great success", and "high five". Borat travels around the United Kingdom and United States to interview people and engage in activities, under the guise that he is educating Kazakhstan about Western culture. Baron Cohen deceives individuals into participating in activities with Borat through his producers, who lie to obtain interviews. Baron Cohen does not break character, so his subjects believe that he is a foreigner with little understanding of Western culture. During the filming of the Borat films, Baron Cohen sometimes had to stay in character for days.

Borat makes his guests uncomfortable by overstepping the boundaries of political correctness and breaking social norms in a deadpan fashion. Entertainment Weekly wrote that "[Borat] cheerfully says appallingly inappropriate and offensive things at every turn... Some people are charmed by the seemingly innocent Kazakh bumpkin. Others are simply baffled. Some are outraged to the point of calling the cops." He believes that the female brain is the size of a squirrel's, expresses disbelief that women have rights in Britain and America, and discusses wanting to kill Jews and Romanis. In one Da Ali G Show episode, Borat sings "In My Country There Is Problem", a song that calls for violence against Jews. Other eccentric behavior includes kissing everyone he greets, his frequent use of profanity, speaking of his desire to have "sexy time" with his interviewees, and introducing them to "Kazakh" customs such as shurik, a "sport" where dogs are shot and killed in a field.

Baron Cohen uses Borat to expose ignorance and bigotry in Western society. As human rights campaigner Peter Tatchell wrote in The Guardian, "Borat gives [his subjects] the rope to hang themselves. He's baiting them. They express real ignorance and prejudice, whereas Borat is only acting." Borat, for instance, features Borat conversing with drunken fraternity brothers from the University of South Carolina, leading to one saying that he wishes slavery still existed. Baron Cohen, who is Jewish, explained that segments depicting Borat's antisemitism are a "dramatic demonstration of how racism feeds on dumb conformity, as much as rabid bigotry". He told Rolling Stone that "Borat essentially works as a tool. By himself pretending to be antisemitic, he lets people lower their guard and expose their own prejudice." Baron Cohen, the grandson of a Holocaust survivor, says he wanted to expose the role of indifference in evil:

"When I was in university, there was this major historian of the Third Reich, Ian Kershaw, who said, "The path to Auschwitz was paved with indifference." I know it's not very funny being a comedian talking about the Holocaust, but it's an interesting idea that not everyone in Germany had to be a raving anti-Semite. They just had to be apathetic."

Baron Cohen said that he and fellow writers debated whether Borat is ethical, often asking themselves: "Is this ethical? What's the purpose of this scene? Is it just to be funny? Is there some satire? Is that satire worth it?" The Guardian described Borat's manner of manipulating subjects for interviews as immoral, since it relies on "the exploitation of the naive, the trusting and the ignorant for the sake of a joke". However, Baron Cohen had "no doubt" that Borat is ethical, since his purpose is to expose immorality. He explained that "we made [Subsequent Moviefilm] to have an impact on the [2020] election... We had to do what we could to inspire people to vote and remind people of the immorality of the [Trump administration]".

Unlike Ali G, Baron Cohen did not develop a background story for Borat, and descriptions of his personal life are contradictory. His marital status is never consistent; for example, although Borat marries Luenell in Borat, she is absent in Subsequent Moviefilm. Borat has several children, including Tutar (Maria Bakalova), a daughter who serves as Subsequent Moviefilm secondary protagonist.

Analysis
Borat has been interpreted as an archetypal trickster, albeit one who is rooted in reality rather than fantasy.


 * https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/borat-the-trickster-folklore-and-the-media-folklore-in-the-media/3D1D757648FF45E14510199F415EDF9D
 * https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1749719
 * https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U3G5hUhjAdUC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&dq=borat&ots=JHZglx93FG&sig=T04SyS-_XrEVACkCpmUpi4K6XZ4#v=onepage&q=borat&f=false

Some aspects of Borat are rooted in irony. In Da Ali G Show and the Borat films, the Kazakhstan sequences were shot in Romania, despite Borat being presented as antiziganistic. Though Borat is antisemitic, the "Kazakh" language he speaks is actually Hebrew, although his greeting "Jagshemash!" and farewell "Chenqui!" are Polish. Writing of the irony of an antisemitic character speaking Hebrew, The Guardian staff quoted a Tel Aviv resident who said: "It's not just the Hebrew but also the way he speaks. He sounds almost Israeli, he sounds like one of us."

Cultural impact and legacy
"Borat is perhaps [Baron Cohen's] most likeable, and therefore his most dangerous, character" 

Controversy
The Kazakh government criticised Borat for portraying Kazakhstan as a backward, intolerant nation. It took out pages in US newspapers, portraying Kazakhstan as modern and welcoming. After the release of Subsequent Moviefilm, the government took a different tact, using Borat's catchphrase "very nice" in tourism adverts. 
 * https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6165663