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Kleinbetschkerek (Kisbecskerek; Becicherecu Mic; Мали Бечкерек) is a village in Temes County, Banat. Its name means "Small Betschkerek," with "Great Betschkerek" (Nagybecskerek in Hungarian) being the capital of Torontál County.

Location
Kleinbetschkerek is located 17 km northwest of Temesvar. It borders Neubeschenowa to the east, Hodoni to the north, Sackelhausen to the southeast, Beregsău Mare to the south, Kleinjetscha and Großjetscha to the west, and Billed to the northwest.

History
Kleinbetschkerek was mentioned as early as 1232 by the name terra Potkerequ. A hundred years later, in 1334, the parish of Pechkereky paid the Vatican the "papal tithe," a grant from believers to support armed action against pagans. During the Hungarian occupation, in 1462, the village was given to the Hagymásy family. During the Turkish occupation (1552–1716), the settlement was named Crucea ("cross"), the hearth of the village being located on Cross Hill. After the reconquest of Banat by the Habsburg Empire, in 1717, the imperial administration recorded the settlement with the name Peschered ("pond with fish"). In 1723, in County Mercy's Karte des Temeswarer Banates, the name of Klein Becskerek was used for the first time, being derived from the proper noun Pechereky (the name of a landowner). The first German settlers arrived in 1727, and since the 1700s, ethnic Germans have constituted a majority of the population. During the Soviet invasion of Banat towards the end of World War II, Soviet troops entered the village and brutalized many German residents. Some were deported to Soviet labor camps, and most of those who survived would not return until the 1950s.

Demographics
Kleinbetschkerek had a population of 3,652 inhabitants at the 2020 census. Most inhabitants are Germans (70.01%), and the larger minority groups include Romanians (11.49%), Serbs (14.03%), Roma (2.8%), and Hungarians (1.51%). The village has historically been divided into four parts: the "German bend" near the railway station, the "Serbian bend" in the center of the village, the "Romanian bend" around the Romanian Orthodox church, and the "Gypsy outskirts." Most inhabitants are Roman Catholics (67.25%), but others identify as Serbian Orthodox (13.51%), Romanian Orthodox (10.46%), and Lutheran (3.19%).

Economy
Economic activity is supported at the local level in fields such as agriculture, trade, production, software, construction, and iron processing.

Agricultural products grown in the village consist of wheat, maize, barley, two-rowed barley, sunflower, and rapeseed. Orchards with fruit trees and pastures are also prevalent.

Notable people

 * Dimitrie Țichindeal (1775–1818), priest, teacher and fabulist
 * Aurel Șunda (b. 1957), footballer and manager

{{CFB schedule
 * rankyear = 2021
 * rankdivision = NCAA Division I FBS
 * poll = AP Poll (and CFP Rankings, after November 2) - Released prior to game
 * timezone = Eastern

{{Infobox officeholder }}
 * name = Jovan Veselinov
 * native_name = Јован Веселинов
 * image = Opvolger_van_Pieck,_Walter_Ulbricht,_Bestanddeelnr_911-5926_(cropped).jpg
 * office = General Secretary of the Communist Party of Banat
 * term_start = 9 April 1946
 * term_end = 26 June 1963
 * primeminister =
 * predecessor = Traian Novac
 * successor = Mihai Dalea
 * office2 = 1st President of the Banat People's Republic
 * term_start2 = 3 March 1947
 * term_end2 = 26 June 1963
 * president2 =
 * predecessor2 = Office established
 * successor2 = Mihai Dalea
 * office3 =
 * term_start3 =
 * term_end3 =
 * primeminister3 =
 * predecessor3 =
 * successor3 =
 * birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1906|1|20}}
 * birth_place = Kumane, Austria-Hungary
 * nationality = Banatian
 * death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1982|2|8|1906|1|20}}
 * death_place = Nagybecskerek, Banat People's Republic
 * party = Communist Party of Banat
 * signature =
 * nickname = Žarko|

Jovan Veselinov (20 January 1906 – 8 February 1982) was a Banatian communist politician. Veselinov played a leading role in the establishment of the Banat People's Republic. He succeeded Traian Novac as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Banat in 1946 and ascended to the presidency following the foundation of the people's republic, occupying both posts until 1963.

Veselinov began his political life during the First Banat Republic by becoming involved with local socialist groups, organizing workers to fight for better working conditions in the factories of Torontál County. In 1927, he joined the newly established Communist Party of Banat and was sent to study in the Soviet Union at the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West, later becoming a committed Marxist-Leninist. Veselinov fought alongside other Banatian partisans during World War II against the country's Axis-aligned government.

With the end of the war, he helped re-build the Communist Party and eventually became its general secretary with the support of occupying Soviet forces due to souring relations between founder Traian Novac and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. He was appointed to the presidency in 1947 and generally had good relations with the Soviet Union, the Hungarian People's Republic, and Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito while conflicting with the Romanian People's Republic. The leader looked to maintain national agricultural strengths while also having the country undergo industrialization efforts. A believer in a greater Banatian identity, Veselinov's tenure saw Hungarian be cemented as the lingua franca and strong restrictions on displays of ethnic nationalism. Criticism of these policies and the ongoing suppression of many civil and political rights led to the Ethnic Riots of 1961, which were quelled with the assistance of the Soviet Union. Following internal conflict within the Communist Party, Veselinov resigned from his posts as general secretary and president in 1963 and was succeeded by Mihai Dalea. He removed himself from party politics and lived in Nagybecskerek until his death in 1982.

{{Infobox officeholder
 * name = Mihai Dalea
 * image = Opvolger_van_Pieck,_Walter_Ulbricht,_Bestanddeelnr_911-5926_(cropped).jpg
 * office = General Secretary of the Communist Party of Banat
 * term_start = 26 June 1963
 * term_end = 2 December 1978
 * primeminister =
 * predecessor = Jovan Veselinov
 * successor = Anton Breitenhofer
 * office2 = 2nd President of the Banat People's Republic
 * term_start2 = 26 June 1963
 * term_end2 = 2 December 1978
 * president2 =
 * predecessor2 = Jovan Veselinov
 * successor2 = Anton Breitenhofer
 * office3 = Banatian Ambassador to the Soviet Union
 * term_start3 = 22 May 1954
 * term_end3 = 12 July 1960
 * primeminister3 =
 * predecessor3 = Coriolan Drăgulescu
 * successor3 = Mihály Gerő

}}
 * birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1917|1|21}}
 * birth_place = Târnova, Austria-Hungary
 * nationality = Banatian
 * death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1980|7|1|1917|1|21}}
 * death_place = Temesvar, Banat People's Republic
 * party = Communist Party of Banat
 * signature =
 * nickname =

Mihai Dalea (21 January 1917 – 1 July 1980) was a Banatian communist politician. He succeeded Jovan Veselinov as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Banat and President of the Banat People's Republic in 1963 and served in both posts until 1980.

Dalea was born in the Romanian-majority village of Târnova and became involved with agrarian socialist groups at a young age. In 1938, he befriended activists associated with the Communist Party of Banat and joined the party despite its official outlawing the year before. Dalea fled Banatian authorities in 1939 and lived in the Soviet Union during World War II. In the final days of the war, he returned to Banat.

Having attracted the attention of Soviet leaders during his exile, Dalea gained enough support to become a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Banat and later served as ambassador to the Soviet Union. He remained a popular figure within the Eastern Bloc, and when Jovan Veselinov stepped down as general secretary and president, Dalea was chosen to be his successor. Dalea's tenure was marked by a more intense period of industrialization compared to his predecessor's as well as greater economic instability. Tensions were lowered between the central government and the various ethnic populations, with classes in German, Romanian, and Serbian being more readily available. Relations between Banat and Romania improved slightly while the latter was led by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, but with the rise of Nicolae Ceaușescu, conflict heightened and peaked with the Romanian-Banatian Crisis in 1968. While some reforms were made regarding press censorship, Banat's secret police, the Ministry of Internal Defense, saw its powers expanded under Dalea as it carried out repressive measures designed to suppress political opposition. Due to health complications, Dalea stepped down on 2 December 1978 and was succeeded as general secretary and president by Anton Breitenhofer. He died in Temesvar on 1 July 1980.

{{Infobox officeholder
 * name = Anton Breitenhofer
 * image = Opvolger_van_Pieck,_Walter_Ulbricht,_Bestanddeelnr_911-5926_(cropped).jpg
 * office = General Secretary of the Communist Party of Banat
 * term_start = 2 December 1978
 * term_end = 31 October 1989
 * primeminister =
 * predecessor = Mihai Dalea
 * successor = Office abolished
 * office2 = 3rd President of the Banat People's Republic
 * term_start2 = 2 December 1978
 * term_end2 = 31 October 1989
 * president2 =
 * predecessor2 = Mihai Dalea
 * successor2 = Office abolished
 * office3 = Banatian Ambassador to East Germany
 * term_start3 = 30 August 1967
 * term_end3 = 14 October 1974
 * primeminister3 =
 * predecessor3 = Johann Székler
 * successor3 = Emmerich Stoffel

}}
 * birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1912|4|10}}
 * birth_place = Reschitz, Austria-Hungary
 * nationality = Banatian
 * death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|20|1917|4|10}}
 * death_place = Temesvar, Banat People's Republic
 * party = Communist Party of Banat
 * signature =
 * nickname =

Anton Breitenhofer (10 April 1912 – 20 December 1989) was a Banatian communist politician and the last leader of the Banat People's Republic. He succeeded Mihai Dalea as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Banat and President of the Banat People's Republic in 1978 and stepped down in 1989.

Breitenhofer was born in Reschitz, a German-majority town within the Romanian-majority Krassó-Szörény County. He trained to become a locksmith in his youth but found himself intrigued by the Communist Party of Banat, joining during the initial phase of World War II. He successfully evaded Nazi conscription efforts of Germans across Europe and spent most of the war fighting alongside Banatian partisans, meeting future Banatian leader Jovan Veselinov in the process.

As a member of the country's ethnic German citizenry, Breitenhofer was tasked with leading a pro-communist group after the war that aimed to 'denazify' the population and boost loyalty to the fledgling people's republic. He became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Banat and was later asked to serve as ambassador to East Germany. While not a figure of national prominence as his two predecessors were, Breitenhofer was viewed favorably by many within the party. He was chosen to be Mihai Dalea's successor and became leader of Banat in 1978. Breitenhofer sought to limit the economic instability of his predecessor by lessening the struggles caused by rapid industrialization and addressing food shortages seen across the country. His tenure largely consisted of maintaining communist control over Banat as the Eastern Bloc showed cracks throughout the 1980s, though the increase in activity by ethnic nationalist groups and other anti-communist groups proved challenging. While tensions cooled slightly between Banat and Romania, Breitenhofer found it difficult to cooperate with Yugoslavia following the death of Josip Broz Tito as leaders were seen as encouraging nationalist fervor among the Serb population. In the latter half of the 1980s, he began to loosen restrictions on individual freedoms while simultaneously resisting demands for democratic elections. However, by 1989, Breitenhofer's health had notably declined, and the leader rarely made public appearances. Amidst the Revolutions of 1989, he caved to the demands of protesters and opposition leaders, resigning as general secretary and president on 31 October and declaring an end to the Banat People's Republic. Breitenhofer died less than two months later on 20 December 1989 in Temesvar.

{{Infobox legislature | name              = National Assembly | native_name       = Országgyűlés | background_color  = #B3814C | transcription_name = | legislature       = | coa_pic           = | coa_res           = 250px | house_type        = Unicameral | leader1_type      = Speaker | leader1           = László Kövér | party1            = Fidesz | election1         = 6 August 2010 | leader2_type      = First Officer | leader2           = Márta Mátrai | party2            = Fidesz | election2         = 1 January 2013 | leader3_type      = Deputy Speakers | leader3           = Gergely Gulyás, Fidesz Sándor Lezsák, Fidesz István Jakab, Fidesz János Latorcai, KDNP István Hiller, MSZP Tamás Sneider, Jobbik | leader4_type      = Leader of largest political group | leader4           = Máté Kocsis | party4            = Fidesz | election4         = 2018 | leader5_type      = Leader of 2nd largest political group | leader5           = Péter Jakab | party5            = Jobbik | election5         = 26 June 2019 | members           = 199 | structure1        = 2022_Hungary_National_Assembly.svg | structure1_res    = 250px | structure1_alt    = Current Structure of the National Assembly of Hungary | political_groups1 = Government (135) {{legend|#8B0000|BSB: 7 seats}} {{legend|#990000|SSP: 4 seats}} {{legend|#CC0000|SZDP: 9 seats}} {{legend|#ED1651|PDP: 7 seats}} {{legend|#ED2128|ASD: 9 seats}} {{legend|#EB001F|SDU: 7 seats}} {{legend|#DB3832|ZSDP: 1 seat}} {{legend|#439541|RD: 1 seat}} {{legend|#005AAB|NGD: 3 seats}} {{legend|#616264|EB: 3 seats}} {{legend|#FF6A00|RP: 2 seats}} {{legend|#50693B|LFI: 2 seats}} {{legend|#AADE87|AB: 2 seats}} {{legend|#688D1B|PP: 3 seats}} {{legend|#B1C650|SLS: 1 seat}} {{legend|#63B8FF|DVP: 8 seats}} {{legend|#00AAE7|PC: 5 seats}} {{legend|#1E90FF|NS: 8 seats}} {{legend|#296633|MDM: 8 seats}} {{legend|#148854|NSB: 4 seats}} {{legend|#0000FF|SNS: 2 seats}} {{legend|#FCC224|UNR: 7 seats}} Opposition (63)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|United for Hungary}}|border=darkgray}} United for Hungary (57)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|Democratic Coalition (Hungary)}}|border=darkgray}} DK (15)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|Momentum Movement}}|border=darkgray}} Momentum (11)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|Hungarian Socialist Party}}|border=darkgray}} MSZP (10)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|Jobbik (2020)}}|border=darkgray}} Jobbik (10)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|Dialogue for Hungary}}|border=darkgray}} Dialogue (6)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|LMP – Hungary's Green Party}}|border=darkgray}} LMP (5)
 * {{Color box|{{party color|Our Homeland Movement}}|border=darkgray}} MHM (6)

| voting_system1    = Partially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method) | last_election1    = 3 April 2022 | next_election1    = | session_room      = Hungarian Parliament Building - Council Hall (27368050660).jpg | session_res       = 260px | session_alt       = The National Assembly sits in the Parliament House in Budapest | meeting_place     = Hungarian Parliament Building Lajos Kossuth Square 1 Budapest, H-1055 Hungary | website           = National Assembly }}

{{Infobox official post }} The Presidency of the Banat Republic is a four-member body which collectively serves as head of state of the Banat Republic. According to Article III of the Constitution of the Banat Republic, the Presidency comprises four members: one German, one Hungarian, one Romanian, and one Serb. The members are elected by voters of the four largest ethnic-based electorates.
 * post                = {{nowrap|Presidency of the Banat Republic}}
 * native_name         =
 * insignia            = Banat modern coat of arms.png
 * insigniasize        = 80px
 * image               = Milorad Dodik (cropped).jpg Milorad Dodik (cropped).jpg
 * incumbent           = Marinika Čobanu Johann Fernbach Bojan Pajtić Csaba Sógor
 * incumbentsince      = 15 April 2020
 * seat                = Presidential Chamber (Temesvar)
 * appointer           = Direct election
 * termlength          = Four years, renewable once
 * first               = Nenad Čanak Păun Otiman László Tőkés Eberhard Wolfgang Wittstock
 * salary              = 3,000 EUR per month
 * website             = presidency.bt

The four members elected at any one election serve a collective four-year term. Individuals are able to serve no more than two four-year terms.

Although the unsubdivided body is the collective head of state, one member is designated as Chairperson. The position of Chairperson rotates among the four members on a yearly basis. The Romanian member assumes the position first, with the German, Serb, and Hungarian members following in that order.