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Mohammad Roem (EYD: Mohammad Rum; 16 May 1908 – 24 September 1983) was an Indonesian politician and diplomat. He served in various positions during his career in government, including as Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia. He is best remembered for

Born into a Javanese family, Roem studied law at the Rechts Hogeschool in Batavia (now Jakarta), during which time he had become politically active in the nationalist movement. After graduating, he worked as a lawyer during the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945). Following the proclamation of independence in 1945, Roem joined the newly-formed Republican government where he emerged as an able diplomat. He later became the Republic's principal negotiator with the Dutch during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949). He played a central role in negotiating the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement, which ultimately led to the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference wherein the Dutch finally recognized the sovereignty of Indonesia in 1949.

After the handover of sovereignty, Roem remained active in politics and in the Masyumi Party. He joined several cabinets as a cabinet minister and later deputy prime minister alongside Idham Chalid. During the PRRI rebellion (1958–1961), he attempted to negotiate a mutually acceptable compromise between the rebels and the government, however, he failed. Opposed to President Sukarno's Guided Democracy, he was arrested and jailed in 1961. Following his release in 1966, after Sukarno's fall from power, he was elected chairman of the Parmusi Party (the successor to Masyumi) by acclamation in 1968. However, Roem was prevented from taking office by the new regime. He devoted most of his remaining years to study and writing. He died in 1983.