User:ThomasDunker/sandbox

Possible Topics:

-Understand physical, chemical, and microbial contaminant in our drinking water, before and after sterilization. -Understand impact of contaminants on ecosystem services, and organisms

COMMENTS: these are very broad topics. What wikipedia page in particular do you want to add to or create? Julianfulton (talk) 23:28, 28 February 2019 (UTC)

Assigned Articles: World Health Organization. (2004). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (Vol. 1). World Health Organization. Smith, A. H., Lopipero, P. A., Bates, M. N., & Steinmaus, C. M. (2002). Arsenic epidemiology and drinking water standards. The Guidelines for drinking water does a great job examining the major contents of water, it is no question that water is essential to sustain life. This article does a great job breaking down water in several circumstances. This article goes in depth while talking about several water rights, water quality standards, and water resource management. The author shares viable information about many controversies water contains, and shares ideas these controversies can be put to rest.

Topic: Under water treatment page, (human impacts, and also emerging contaminates) drinking water standards and impacts of contaminated. emerging contaminates of emerging concern. chemicals that have been detected but human health factors are not yet known /off EPA water quality act/standards. OR " bring over to treatment emerging contaminates page".

= Contributing to page: Drinking water quality in the United States =

= Common Drinking Water Contaminates = When it comes to drinking water studies have shown that there are more than 80 common contaminants that may pose a risk to human health. These contaminates fall into two separate categories, acute and chronic effects. Acute effects occur within hours or days of the time that a person consumes a contaminant. People can suffer acute health effects from almost any contaminant if they are exposed to extraordinarily high levels (as in the case of a spill). In drinking water, microbes, such as bacteria and viruses, are the contaminants with the greatest chance of reaching levels high enough to cause acute health effects Acute effects are the most commons contaminates found in drinking water, acute contaminates are usually easy for the human body to fight off and don't normally have long lasting health effects. Chronic effects occur after people consume a contaminant at levels over EPA’s safety standards over the course of many years. The drinking water contaminants that can have chronic effects include chemicals (such as disinfection byproducts, solvents and pesticides), radionuclides (such as radium), and minerals (such as arsenic). Examples of these chronic effects include cancer, liver or kidney problems, or reproductive difficulties.

Figure 2 shows several water contaminates that are mostly found in drinking water. These contaminates do not only effect human health but agriculture production as well, causing possible cross contaminating.

Though these Chronic contaminates are rare to come across in the US, there are many parts of the world that battle with these chronic contaminates and have to face the possible hazards on a daily basis. A few common water borne contaminates include Aluminum, Ammonia Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chloramine, Chromium, Copper, Fluoride, Bacteria & Viruses, Lead, Nitrates/Nitrites, Mercury, Perchlorate, Radium, Selenium, Silver, and Uranium. Some of these contaminates are easy to detect through human senses, such as smell and taste, and other contaminates are impossible to detect with the human eye. Some of the most dangerous contaminates are consumed without any notice. It is extremely important to know the difference between chemical and biological contaminates, chemical contaminates are elements or compounds that can either be naturally occurring or man-made. These contaminates usually result in external/internal damages to the body. Biological contaminates are organisms that are found in water these contaminates include viruses and bacteria and are usually fought off by the bodies immune system.

= Impacts of Arsenic in Drinking water: = When it comes to water quality it is important to know what chemicals can possibly be lurking in ones drinking water and the long term affects those contaminates can have on one’s health. As seen in 1879, arsenic was the first of several chemicals that have been recognized to cause cancer as a long term affect. A few years after testing for levels of arsenic in drinking water high rates of both skin and lung cancers arose. Startling results from Taiwan, appearing in 1985, showed increased mortality from several cancers, especially lung, bladder, and kidney cancers (13). Bladder cancer mortality rates for those with more than 600 µg/liter of arsenic in their water were more than 30 to 60 times the rates in the unexposed population With these high rates of cancers being found, people were starting to witness a large shift of human diets, cancer rates begin to link with available drinking water and agricultural efforts. To this day the communities of Taiwan still face high levels of arsenic in their water, this is an ongoing problem that has been going on for years. In this case arsenic is only one of the many dangerous contaminates that can be present in water, Figure 1 shows the short term effects resulting from the exposure to Arsenic. The characteristic skin lesions included pigmentation changes, mainly on the upper chest, arms and legs, and keratoses of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (Fig. 1). After ruling out other causes, water sources used by the patients were analysed, and the diagnosis of arsenic-caused disease was confirmed. Over time this expose to arsenic became for extreme, long term exposure resulted in cancerous effects all over the body.

Hi Thomas,

I believe you are on the right track and I believe that you did an great job. The only few things that I can see is that you need to add link some of the vocabulary to other wiki pages that are already made. This will help the reader understand some of the vocabulary that you use throughout describing your topic. I also think that you may need to trim the wording and be more concise with exactly what you are trying to present. As well I think you could create a whole page on itself for the topics that you are talking on. Maybe you could spend time on Arsenic and how it affects Californians, or describe what rivers or water ways in California contain this contaminate. You focus on the world try to narrow it down to California and possibly make a wiki page on Arsenic in California and how it pertains to the Water in California.

Jeremiah Romero-Peer Review

References:
World Health Organization. (2004). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (Vol. 1). World Health Organization. Smith, A. H., Lopipero, P. A., Bates, M. N., & Steinmaus, C. M. (2002). Arsenic epidemiology and drinking water standards

“Drinking Water Contaminants – Standards and Regulations.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 22 May 2017, www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations.

Smith, A. H., Lingas, E. O., & Rahman, M. (2000). Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: a public health emergency. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1093-1103.

“Common Hidden Contaminants.” Water Quality Association, www.wqa.org/learn-about-water/common-contaminants.

“Drinking Water Contaminants – Standards and Regulations.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 22 May 2017, www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations.