User:Thucydides411/Symmachy

Symmachy (Greek: συμμαχία, symmachia, from σύμμαχος, symmachos, pl. σύμμαχοι, symmachoi, meaning allies) refers to military alliances between city states in ancient Greece, which commonly took the form of treaties binding the member states to common defensive or offensive military policy. The symmachies of the ancient Greek world were typically dominated by one state, the hegemon, with varying levels of sovereignty retained by the other member states.

Organizational Structure
The names by which the symmachies of ancient Greece are now known have been given to them by modern historians. In general, contemporaries referred to them by the name of the hegemon; the ancient historian Thucydides refers to the Delian League, for example, as "the Athenians and their allies" (hoi Athenaíoi kai hoi sýmmachoi), while referring to the Peloponnesian League as "the Lacedaemonians (Spartans) and their allies" (hoi Lakedaimonioi kai hoi sýmmachoi). Important matters of war and peace could be decided by a congress of the allied cities, often called synods. This should not, however, give the impression that a symmachy was akin to a federal state, with each member state giving up its freedom to form an independent foreign policy in exchange for a say in shaping a common league policy. Rather, symmachies typically took the form of bilateral treaties, negotiated between the hegemon and each allied city, which bound each party to "have the same friends and enemies." As such, it could be possible for two members of a symmachy to go to war with one another.

Examples of Symmachies
The Delian League, under the hegemony of Athens.

The Peloponnesian League, under the hegemony of Sparta.

The Achaean League, an alliance of Greek city-states, prominently Corinth, Megalopolis and Argos.

The Aetolian League.

League of Corinth, under the hegemony of Macedon.