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Phase 1 & 2

First Continental Congress

Fact: It met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after the British Navy instituted a blockade of Boston Harbor and Parliament passed the punitive Intolerable Acts in response to the December 1773 Boston Tea Party.

MLA: Stephen Stathis. “Continental Congress: September 5, 1774, to March 2, 1781: United States in Congress Assembled: March 2, 1781, to October 10, 1788.” Landmark Legislation 1774–2012: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties, 2nd ed., CQ Press, Washington, 2014, p. 1.

DOI: 10.4135/9781452292281.n1

Quote: First Continental Congress—September 5, 1774, to October 26, 1774

Quote: The Intolerable Acts of 1774 accentuated the differences between Britain and the colonies, rallied the other twelve colonies to the plight of Massachusetts, and created the emergency that prompted the assemblage at Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia.

Phase 3

Staughton Lynd, and David Waldstreicher. “Free Trade, Sovereignty, and Slavery: Toward an

Economic Interpretation of American Independence.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol.

68, no. 4, 2011, pp. 597–630. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.4.0597.

This is an article that describes role slavery plays in the boycott of the Intolerable Acts. The First Continental Congress looked to boycott the slave trade and          offers some insight on how the delegates viewed slavery. This offers some perspective from the African-Americans who were enslaved during the First Continental  Congress.

Barbara B. Oberg. Women in the American Revolution : Gender, Politics, and the Domestic

           World. University of Virginia Press, 2019. EBSCOhost

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=2095215&scope=site

In this book, how women played a pivotal role in manufacturing goods to help boycott British goods as a result of the Intolerable Acts. The First Continental Congress decided to boycott British imports which allowed women to gain power in their families and  within the community. Women were not delegates at the time in congress      but assisted in the developing of the budding country.

Phase 4

Fact 1:  Scholars have long recognized that women’s roles as consumers and producers of material goods in the service of their households placed them in the public sphere in a unique position to exert political influence, a circumstance not lost on those crafting nonimportation associations.6 As the first set of nonimportation associations of 1769 took shape in response to the Townshend Duties, a contributor to the South-Carolina Gazette was only one among many writers to identify women as “much the properest persons to manage an affair of so much consequence to the American world.”7 And many women responded with alacrity, seizing the opportunity to exercise their influence in the broadened political sphere made possible by the imperial crisis. Not only did women participate in public displays of domestic manufacture, such as the large spinning bee hosted by the Rhode Island Congregational minister Ezra Stiles in May 1770; they also added their names to nonimportation agreements and composed their own. In February 1770, more than three hundred Boston women signed a document pledging to “totally abstain from the use of” tea in their “respective Families,” while fifty-one ladies of Edenton, North Carolina, crafted their own association in response to the Coercive Acts of 1774.8 To focus solely on ladies’ patriotic spinning bees and petition signing, however, necessarily privileges the story of those women firmly entrenched within the ideal patriarchal household at the expense of those, like Rathell, who were already independent actors in the marketplace.

Summary 1: While delegates convened in the First Continental Congress, fifty-one women in Edenton, North Carolina formed their own association in response to the Intolerable Acts that focused on producing goods for the colonies.

Fact 2: However, the First Continental Congress also embraced nonexportation. The Association adopted by the delegates on October 18 and signed on October 20, 1774, endorsed a strategy of “non-importation, non- consumption, and non-exportation.”68 Nonexportation was the keystone in a comprehensive plan that mandated the following measures:

1. Nonimportation after December 1, along the lines of the resolution already adopted by the Congress, was to proceed.

2. There would specifically be nonimportation of slaves also beginning December 1, “after which time, we will wholly discontinue the slave trade, and will neither be concerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our vessels, nor sell our commodities or manufactures to those who are concerned in it.”

Summary 2: After Congress signed on October 20, 1774 embracing non exportation they also planned nonimportation of slaves in beginning December 1, which would have abolished the slave trade in The United States of America 33 years before it actually ended.

Active Section 1:

In the end, the voices of compromise carried the day. Rather than calling for independence, the First Continental Congress passed and signed the Continental Association in its Declaration and Resolves, which called for a boycott of British goods to take effect in December 1774. After Congress signed on October 20, 1774 embracing non exportation they also planned nonimportation of slaves in beginning December 1, which would have abolished the slave trade in The United States of America 33 years before it actually ended. requested that local Committees of Safety enforce the boycott and regulate local prices for goods. These resolutions adopted by the Congress did not endorse any legal power of Parliament to regulate trade, but consented, nonetheless, to the operation of acts for that purpose. Furthermore, they did not repudiate control by the royal prerogative, which was explicitly acknowledged in the Petition to the King a few days later.

Active Section 2:

The primary accomplishment of the First Continental Congress was a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods beginning on December 1, 1774 unless parliament should rescind the Intolerable Acts. While delegates convened in the First Continental Congress, fifty-one women in Edenton, North Carolina formed their own association in response to the Intolerable Acts that focused on producing goods for the colonies, Great Britain's colonies in the West Indies were threatened with a boycott unless they agreed to non-importation of British goods. Imports from Britain dropped by 97 percent in 1775, compared with the previous year. Committees of observation and inspection were to be formed in each Colony to ensure compliance with the boycott. It was further agreed that if the Intolerable Acts were not repealed, the colonies would also cease exports to Britain after September 10, 1775.