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Introduction

Genetically modified organism (GMO), is a plant, animal, microorganism or other organism whose genetic makeup has been modified in a laboratory using genetic engineering or transgenic technology. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered to contain a segment of DNA from another organism. Modern recombinant DNA technology enables the “stitching together” of pieces of DNA, regardless of the source of the pieces. GMOs have helped farmers reduce their environmental footprint by allowing them to use fewer inputs and enabling a shift to reduced tillage.

The picture below shows the process of how GMO takes place. FIG 1



Genetic engineering is very fundamental to both scient and evolution, because it also help scientists to select one specific gene to implant.benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture made an increased in crop yield, reduced cost for food and medical benefitsvto the world growing production.

Abstract

•Diversity in gene sequences are the main factors that lead to a variety of plants and animals.

•Genetic diversity is important for adapting in the new environment as more variation in the genes leads to more individuals of a population having favorable traits.

•Low  genetic diversity is disadvantageous during changing environment as individuals will have similar reactions

•Genetically engineered modifications affect the gene diversity of the population through uncontrolled growth.

This picture below shows the process of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering allows scientists to select one specific gene to implant. This avoids introducing other genes with undesirable traits. Genetic engineering also helps speed up the process of creating new foods with desired traits.

Evolution has created species with wide ranging characteristics and traits, producing desired agricultural products by natural evolution or selective breeding

•Researchers have a better understanding of genetic engineering, it’s possible to bypass evolution by introducing the genetics modifications in plants and animals

•GMOs have seen to be advantageous for food supply for they help in faster food production, pest resistant crops and more nutritious food sources.

•GMO has helped to increase vast food production. Genetically modified organisms will cause reduced gene diversity of plants and animals in the environment.

•The DNA codes for proteins in an organism will become similar between each species.

•Genetic diversity is related to biodiversity, variability in the traits of organisms which form an ecosystem, because diversity in DNA will inform characteristics of organisms that make up a population

•Maintenance of genetic diversity is important in an environment and agriculture due to increased variability in DNA which provides a better opportunity for organisms for them to adapt in changing environment

Natural hybridization has a positive result because new genes are introduced into a given population

•GMOs opponent are concerned if modified genes are introduced to wild plants, they could have a fit advantage in the hybrid species hence be better to produce

•Fitness Advantage leads yo engineered gene being maintained in the population hence reduce the genetic diversity

•GMOs can also affect genetic diversity through uncontrolled growth of the engineered population for they grow faster and produce more often which take away resources from non GMOs.

Ways of how GMO affect diversity include

1.GMOs may cross breed with animals and wild plants

2.Favorable traits could allow GMOs to take over a certain population

3.It’s easy to foresee how the situations would lead to change in diversity

•The important question to note is whether the GMOs have been observed growing

•Hybridization has allowed for the vast diversity of wild type plants seen in the environment and can occur between GMOs.

Conclusion

Although GMOs are often the subject of controversy, various types of people do not fully understand  the fundamentals of exactly what they are and why their use is today’s data base. GMOs are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. According to food safety news The term GMO is used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. Planets have been modified in the laboratories to enhance desired traits such as: increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. In other words, GMO holds an important role in science or today’s world because it makes crops, plants and animals resilient.

References.

https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/what-is-gm-and-how-is-it-done/#:~:text=GM%20is%20a%20technology%20that,will%20inherit%20the%20new%20DNA.

https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732/

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002432.htm