User:Tiennguyenhotel/sandbox

Article Evaluation, In the article which I have reviewed, there is some lacking information. For instance, the article is missing the tribes and type of people in Vietnam -- there are total 54 tribes in Vietnam. Also on the education part, it misses the idea of regional allowance in which only children who the parents live in the area are allowed to study at that regional public school or having more privilege. An example could be that the public schools in Los Angeles are open for only citizens of Los Angeles.

Draft: Viet Nam has been at the hot seat for the emerging economy of the world with an annual growth rate of 7%. This also implies a high rate of urbanization. Indeed, the urbanization rate in Viet Nam is 3.5% per year which mostly happens in its capital (Ha Noi) and its biggest city ( Ho Chi Minh).

Draft: Viet Nam is a small country with a large population of around 90 millions of people in 2009. The population in the biggest city– Ho Chi Minh – accounts for 8.34% of the total population. This makes up 9,294 people living in a square mile in the city. Another massive cluster of population is in the capital of VietNam, Hanoi, which is around 6,4 millions of people. There are other big cities such as: Da Nang, Bien Hoa, Can Tho, Hai Phong. Notably,  a large population—living in cities but coming from sub-urban area— are excluded from counting toward the population of the city. These cities take up a major process of reform, development and internationalization, making an uneven distributed economy. After the approval of land law 2003 -- a formal recognition of real estate markets by loosening government control-

Final Article:

Vietnam Urbanization:

Vietnam has a total population of 95.45 millions people in 2017. The number of people live in urbanized area is around 32.753 million of people (Urbanization rate is at 35.7%). After 1986, Vietnam’s urbanization rates have surged rapidly after Vietnamese government implemented Đổi Mới economic program, changing the system into socialist, liberalizing property rights. As a result, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh (2 major cities in Southeast and Red River DeltaRegion), increased their share of the total urban population from 8.5%  and 24.9% to 15.9% and 31% respectively. Also, the Government of Vietnam( Ministry of construction) forecasts that the country will have a 45% urbanization rates by 2020. Urbanization is said to have a positive correlation with economic growth. A country with higher urbanization rates would have a higher growth rate of GDP. Furthermore, in Viet Nam, urbanization movements is mainly between the rural areas and Southeast Region. Due to better weather and economic opportunities, Ho Chi Minh city has received a large population of in-migrants. A study also shows that Rural-to-urban area migrants have a higher standards of living than both non-migrants in rural areas, and non-migrants in urban areas. Urbanization also leads to changing in economic structures. In 1985, agriculture took up 37.2% of Vietnam’s GDP; nevertheless, in 2008, that number went down to 18.5%, a decreasing of 18.7%. In 1985, industry took only a small fraction of Vietnam GDP, around 26.2%. But in 2008, that number has increased up to 43.2%. Urbanization also helps to improve basic services which increase people’s standards of living. Access to electricity has increased tremendously from 14% of total households  having electricity in 1993 to above 96% in 2009. In terms of accessing to fresh water, data from 65 utility companies show that only 12 percent of households in the area covered by the companies had access to the water network in 2002. By 2007 more than 70 percent of the population in the area was connected. Though urbanization has many benefits, it has some drawbacks. Urbanization creates traffic, air and water pollution. Vietnam has a big consumption of mopeds, since they are relatively cheap and easy to commute. In Hanoi alone, the consumption of mopeds has increased from 0.5 million in 2001 to 4.7 million in 2013. Large numbers of mopeds have been known for causing traffic and air pollution in Vietnam. Also, with rapid development, factories have sprung up rapidly, polluting air and water. Formosa is a steel company that released hydroxic into Vietnamese sea, killing fish and habitats in the area, causing major losses to the economy. There are some government’s interventions and solutions trying to decrease air pollution by decreasing the number of motorcycles, increasing public transportation, and having more regulations for factories to handle their wastes. A public transportation project called Metro railway tries to connect all the Ho Chi Minh districts together, making transportation between districts easier for the people living in the city. Waste disposal is also another problem of urbanization. The amount of solid waste generated in urban areas has increased unimaginably, by more than 200% from 2003 to 2008. Industrial solid waste alone, took up 181% of that 200%. One of the government’s efforts is trying to promote campaigns to encourage the locals to sort household waste, since sorting is not a habit of Vietnamese people. The authorities also have different time schedules for collecting different types of waste.