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Meteorology comes from the Greek word Meteor which means things seen in the air. as weather phenomenon is also some thing seen in the air so it got its name from there. Simple processes occur around and they result in different meteorological conditions.

Talking about the stability of environment you should first know about the air surrounding us. Air is a carrier of water and other gases, we will talk about water only. Air having no water is known as "DRY AIR" and Air having water in it is known as "Saturated AIR". you should also note that DRY AIR can only be found in labs as almost some amount of water is always there in a selected parcel of air.

Now we need to understand that warm air has the capacity to carry more water vapors and cold air has less capacity. so when ever the air reaches to its max ability of holding water we say it has reached its dew point. we can do this by two methods, 1. by adding water to the parcel of air or, 2. reducing the temperature of the parcel of air. once the Dew point is reached the air can no more hold water and it throws them out in the form of visible water droplets.

After understanding the concept of water and air we move on to understand stability. as once starts to move away from earth surface the environment starts to cool down at rate of 1.98deg/1000 feet this is known as environmental lapse rate (ELR)(ELR can vary a great deal on day to day basis). when ever air is compressed its temperature increases and when ever air is expanded it cools down. this is known as Adiabatic process. now if any parcel due to any trigger action is thrown upward it starts to expand and the adiabatic process occurs. if its dry air the process is known as Dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) which is 3deg/1000 feet and if the parcel of air reaches dew point then its called saturated adiabatic lapse rate (SALR) at a rate of 1.5deg/1000feet. reason for this less rate of temperature is because when water changes state from gas to liquid condensation takes place and latent heat (hidden heat, only used to change state) is released which increases the temperature of surrounding.

when the trigger action is over now as the parcel of air reaches a certain height it will assess the temperature at that new level. if parcel is warmer then surrounding it will continue to rise and result in unstable enviroment, if its cooler then surrounding it will drop back to earth and result will be stable environment and if temperature is same with the new level then parcel of air will stay at that level and we will call it neutral stability. E.g ELR was 2deg/1000feet, DALR was 3deg/1000feet, SALR was 1.5deg/1000feet surface tempeature was 20deg C. now if the parcel of air is triggered up by a hill to 4000 feet. lets see what will be the resulting environment. At 1000 feet ELR will be 18deg C, DALR of parcel will be 17deg C At 2000 feet ELR will be 16deg C, DALR of parcel will be 14deg C At 3000 feet ELR will be 14deg C, DALR of parcel will be 11deg C At 4000 feet ELR will be 12deg C, DALR of parcel will be 08deg C hence temperature of parcel is lower then environment temperature at that lever air will fall back to ground and environment will be stable. incase we put dew point then the temperature drop will be at the rate of SALR. consider the Dew point to be 14 deg for the same parcel of air as stated above. now as soon as the parcel reaches its dew point SALR will come in action. and also consider the trigger force uptill 7000 feet instead of 4000 feet.

At 1000 feet ELR will be 18deg C, DALR of parcel will be 17deg C At 2000 feet ELR will be 16deg C, DALR of parcel will be 14deg C At 3000 feet ELR will be 14deg C, DALR of parcel will be 12.5deg C At 4000 feet ELR will be 12deg C, DALR of parcel will be 11deg C At 5000 feet ELR will be 10deg C, DALR of parcel will be 9.5deg C At 6000 feet ELR will be 08deg C, DALR of parcel will be 08deg C (neutral stability if trigger force was till here) At 7000 feet ELR will be 06deg C, DALR of parcel will be 6.5deg C parcel warmer will not stop at this level and will start to move up and result in instability.