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Albert Guillaume Florent Vanloo (Brussels, 10 September 1846 – 4 March 1920, Paris) was a Belgian librettist and playwright. In his first two decades writing for the stage he usually co-wrote librettos and play scripts with Eugène Leterrier. After Leterrier's death in 1888 Vanloo worked with writers including William Busnach, Henri Chivot and Georges Duval.

Vanloo wrote or co-wrote librettos for sixteen composers between 1868 and 1901, including Jacques Offenbach, Emmanuel Chabrier and André Messager, but his most enduring and fecund partnership was with Charles Lecocq, for whom he wrote librettos for nine operas between 1874 and 1900.

Life and career
Vanloo was the son of a prosperous manufacturer of furniture, based in Paris. Vanloo was brought up there, and was an outstanding student at the Lycée Charlemagne, before going on to law school, which he found boring. Attracted to the theatre, he began writing plays and libretti, with Eugène Leterrier who remained his principal collaborator until dying in 1888 at the age of 41. Their first collaboration was a one-act vaudeville, Un mariage aux petites affiches (roughly, Marriage through Classifed Ads), in 1867. Their first opéra bouffe was Le Petit Poucet, with music by Laurent de Rillé, premiered at the Théâtre de l'Athénée in October 1868. They followed this with librettos for an opéra comique, Madeleine, with music by Henri-Hippolyte Potier; a one-act "opérette militaire", La nuit du 15 octobre, music by Georges Jacobi, presented at the Bouffes-Parisiens in 1869; and Nabucho, an opéra bouffe, music by Auguste de Villebichot, at the Folies-nouvelles in 1871.

Leterrier and Vanloo's first great success was in 1874, with the opéra bouffe Giroflé-Girofla with music by Charles Lecocq. It was first presented at the Théâtre des Fantaisies Parisiennes, Brussels, and was given in London and Paris later the same year, and subsequently in theatres throughout Europe, in the Americas and Australia. In the same year came their only work specially written for a London theatre: The Demon Bride, Or A Legend of a Lucifer Match, with music by Jacobi; Leterrier and Vanloo's text was translated by H. J. Byron. Jacobi's music was praised, but the libretto was criticised for being impossibly complicated and not conspicuously original in its plot.

In 1875 Vanloo and Leterrier had their first collaboration with Jacques Offenbach, in the opéra féerie Le voyage dans la lune together with a co-librettist, Arnold Mortier. It ran at the Théâtre de la Gaîté for 185 performances.

In addition to his theatre work, Vanloo practised journalism. He contributed to the Gazette de Paris, and then to Le Figaro, where he deputised for Arnold Mortier in the column "Soirées du monsieur de l'Orchestre", and then to finally to La Liberté, in which he wrote a series of articles in 1911–1913 describing the musical theatre of the 1860s to the 1890s. These articles were later collected and published as a book under the title Sur le Plateau – Souvenirs d'un Librettiste, issued in 1914 with a preface by Lecocq.

Libretti
For Emmanuel Chabrier
 * L'étoile (1877) – with Eugène Leterrier
 * Une éducation manquée (1879) – with Leterrier

For Paul Lacôme
 * Le beau Nicolas (1880) – with Leterrier
 * La gardeuse d'oies (1888) – with Leterrier

For Charles Lecocq
 * Giroflé-Girofla (1874) – with Letterier
 * La petite mariée (1875) – with Letterier
 * La Marjolaine (1877) – with Letterier
 * La Camargo (1879) – with Letterier
 * La jolie persane (1879) – with Letterier
 * L'arbre de Noël (1880) – with Leterrier and Arnold Mortier
 * Le jour et la nuit (1881) – with Letterier
 * Ali-Baba (1887) – with William Busnach
 * La belle au bois dormant (1900) – with Georges Duval

For André Messager
 * La Béarnaise (1885) with Leterrier
 * Les p'tites Michu (1897) – with Duval
 * Véronique (1898) – with Duval
 * Les dragons de l'impératrice (1905) – with Duval

For Jacques Offenbach
 * Le voyage dans la lune (1875) – with Leterrier and Mortier
 * Mam'zelle Moucheron (1881) – with Leterrier

For other composers
 * Edmond Audran
 * L'oeuf rouge (1890) – with Busnach
 * Antoine Banès
 * Le bonhomme de neige (1894) – with Henri Chivot
 * La soeur de Jocrisse (1901)
 * Francis Chassaigne
 * Le droit de l'aînesse (1883) – with Leterrier
 * Laurent de Rillé
 * Le petit Poucet (1868) – with Leterrier
 * Auguste de Villebichot
 * Nabucho (1871) – with Leterrier
 * Théodore Lajarte
 * Le roi de carreau (1883) – with Leterrier
 * Georges Jacobi
 * La nuit du 15 octobre (1869) – with Leterrier
 * The Demon Bride (1874) – with Leterrier
 * Isidore Legouix
 * Madame Clara, somnambule (1877) – with Leterrier
 * Henri Potier
 * Madeleine (1869) – with Leterrier
 * Gaston Serpette
 * La gamine de Paris (1887) – with Leterrier
 * Louis Varney
 * La fée aux chèvres (1890) – with Paul Ferrier
 * Léon Vasseur
 * Le pays d'or (1892) – with Chivot

Between librettos, Vanloo and Leterrier collaborated on non-musical comedies: Les maníaques (1874), Papa (1879) and Le huis clos (1883).