User:Tino Cannst/state rights

The Bohemian state rights program was political ideology movement that eventually successfully established national Czech rule over all of Bohemia and Moravia, particularly prevailing over the Bohemian and Moravian Germans. Kalousek Roman, Kramar

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main emans. joining of all art of the boheian kingim, iniviibilit yof bohemia crowing of hte austrian kings as king of bohemiua olingusitci gleichbereichtigun of both naitons However also check-speaking morvians opose joining wiht boheia proponensts object to issolution of the bohemian state chancellery by viennas centralism and deman recreation of the kingsom of bohemia of the mile ages.

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Checks fought for lingustic gleicberechtigung. Howeverm when they prevaule in parguee, they orer in 1891 that all german insricptios be remov lingusitic gelichbereichtig was iffouclt to accept for germans. learning german for czechs allowe them access to worl litarture an tot he whole uatran empier where german was not official but lingua franca. Stellungnahme des deutschtus zuder Sudetenländer zum Hsitischen Staatsrecht In as böhmische staatsrecht

Palacky's Importance to Czech consciousness can hardly be overes- timated. His portrayal of the Czechs through history gave his people a proud narrative which provided the basis for understanding their place in the world. He divided Czech history into distinct periods: the Old Period (from pre-historic times to 1403), which was dominated by the imposition of the German feudal system; the Central Period (1403- 1627), which witnessed the democratic, Slav reaction to the German

"This is not development of the Austrian state under the leadership of the

to Palacky's conception was the Czech people as a distinct moushistorical player. While the German liberal historinet mparance on the development of the Austrian state, Palacky don the trials and tribulations of the Czech people." Indeed, the were not naturally inside the Austrian state. The Bohemian was an elective monarchy (even if the Bohemian nobles were dis elect a Habsburg unless the line ran out) and the Czech had only bound itself to the Austrian state for certain specific al purposes. In 1526 the Habsburgs were elected to the Crown he common protection of Christendom and European culture from Tatis. Unfortunately, once the Turkish threat had dissipated, the dung became, according to Palacký, instruments of the Catholic

Statehood Before and Beyond Ethnicity

While far-sighted Austrian statesmen had advised a consolidation of the lands under the Habsburgs earlier, the Austrian State Idea (Oster eichische Staatsidee) originated in the Theresian-Josephinist attempt to create a unified state. Thus, as Josef Redlich has pointed out, the beginnings of the Austrian state idea involved reforms from above and initiated the tradition of a centralised bureaucracy.

The Austrian State Idea and Bohemian State Rights

Thus, despite the reactionary tendencies of Metternich's police state, traditions of Joseph II's enlightened state continued in the bureauc The onset of the revolutionary events of 1848 involved a hard ice for many of these young liberals between Frankfurt and Vienna host chose to attend the Frankfurt Parliament and in the early days of the Revolution all eyes were on whether Germany would finally be d. Nevertheless, some liberals decided to stay in Vienna, attend the Reichstag (parliament) and work on building a constitutional Austria - Josef Lasser and Rudolf Brestel being notable examples. With the fail- are of the Revolution, the Austrian state became the crucial component in the Schwarzenberg-Bach, neo-absolutist government. A strict cen- ralisation policy was followed and the bureaucratic foot soldiers of this great attempt at standardisation and uniformity within the Empire were mockingly named Bach's Hussars." s." Historical studies received a tremendous boost when Count Leo Thun founded the Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung (Institute for Austrian Historical Research) on 20 October 1854. Its goal as conceived by Thun and his Under-Secretary Joseph Alexander von Helfert (a conservative politi- cian who later became a distinguished historian and had also been in the Finance-Procuration Office in the 1840s) was specifically political: to create a school of researchers from all over the Monarchy who could demonstrate how the Austrian state evolved into a unified whole. Heifert's plea for 'Austrian history' is contained in his book Über Oonalgeschichte und den gegenwärtigen Stand ihrer Pflege in Oterreich (On National History and the Present State of its Promotion Austria), published in Prague in 1853. Helfert's view of Austrian history was firmly based on are Gesamtstaat.

Thus Austrian historiography, taking the process of state-building as its paradigm, started relatively late and never achieved the coherence that Palacký's work gave to Czech historiography. By the turn of the century, Austrian historiography had built up a growing number of monographs and syntheses portraying the development of the Austrian state. Nevertheless, the real fundament of the Austrian State Idea re- mained the bureaucracy and the form it took in the millions of individual memoranda, small reforms and administrative decisions produced each year. Only after the Gesamtstaat was in danger did the bureaucrats and German liberals make a concerted attempt to trace the organic develop- ment of the Austrian state and to justify its existence. Censorship and the general intellectual stagnation of the Vormarz and the neo-absolutist time was used as an excuse by many German liberals, but this had not hindered Palacký.

Austrian nations a con- ception completely opposed to the centralising tendencies of the Impe rial bureaucracy.

Zalk, 1, (1970) quoted, pp. 85-86. YoungThe kaavion Seste Ideo and Bohemian State Rights

Komar and Masaryk published books in 1875 which contained of Cach history Kearsal's Den hohmische sewarecht, the meninnail off the two, waves the existence of Bohemian sate Maria Theresia's firutal Breach of law with her project of Kramar Istiliswed in the line of datinguished Czech win tad tasel Bohemian state rigtits on historical proof and On the opposing side, the German literals relied on the e that the Battle of the White Misuntain (1421) Ferdinand's Land Grimaner of 1627, Joseph it's refusal to be casted, and expe Franz V's declaration of an Aurian Empire in 1814 kad Broken te uimity of law and that no Bohemian state rights existed any

is is capusition of the topic, Kramar's position was ambiguous Inle hoef Kalousek, he did not assert that Bohemian state rigfits had Axminus existence until the present day-Theresian cautafiom kad les no strung a freak in continuity to pursue this line of argument Komar umed instead to arguments haved on Czech liberaliom. As a mitted ineral, Kramar partially sosepted the German liberal inter peration of the German Birgerton's smuggle for freetom against the Stemian feudal miles, fut then presented the Czeche literal creden the angued that despite the Czech aliance with the nobles, the es waz of Cach character had remained liberal and demneratie. Fise Kanse, the question of Bihenian mate rigins was purely one of move are and set a question of progress and liberal centralism against Sonary federation, as die German linerals had represented it. Kramát wemping to deam German lifveral crificiom of Bohemian state sachimand and illiberal, instead pointing is the Young Czechs emancipation from the Baitemin nobles as a print of Czech commitment to progress and demsertacy. There was a staroziy disguised⁶ The kaavion Seste Ideo and Bohemian State Rights

Komar and Masaryk published books in 1875 which contained of Cach history Kearsal's Den hohmische sewarecht, the meninnail off the two, waves the existence of Bohemian sate Maria Theresia's firutal Breach of law with her project of Kramar Istiliswed in the line of datinguished Czech win tad tasel Bohemian state rigtits on historical proof and On the opposing side, the German literals relied on the e that the Battle of the White Misuntain (1421) Ferdinand's Land Grimaner of 1627, Joseph it's refusal to be casted, and expe Franz V's declaration of an Aurian Empire in 1814 kad Broken te uimity of law and that no Bohemian state rights existed any

is is capusition of the topic, Kramar's position was ambiguous Inle hoef Kalousek, he did not assert that Bohemian state rigfits had Axminus existence until the present day-Theresian cautafiom kad les no strung a freak in continuity to pursue this line of argument Komar umed instead to arguments haved on Czech liberaliom. As a mitted ineral, Kramar partially sosepted the German liberal inter peration of the German Birgerton's smuggle for freetom against the Stemian feudal miles, fut then presented the Czeche literal creden the angued that despite the Czech aliance with the nobles, the es waz of Cach character had remained liberal and demneratie. Fise Kanse, the question of Bihenian mate rigins was purely one of move are and set a question of progress and liberal centralism against Sonary federation, as die German linerals had represented it. Kramát wemping to deam German lifveral crificiom of Bohemian state sachimand and illiberal, instead pointing is the Young Czechs emancipation from the Baitemin nobles as a print of Czech commitment to progress and demsertacy. There was a staroziy disguised

Stellungnahmen The kaavion Seste Ideo and Bohemian State Rights

Komar and Masaryk published books in 1875 which contained of Cach history Kearsal's Den hohmische sewarecht, the meninnail off the two, waves the existence of Bohemian sate Maria Theresia's firutal Breach of law with her project of Kramar Istiliswed in the line of datinguished Czech win tad tasel Bohemian state rigtits on historical proof and On the opposing side, the German literals relied on the e that the Battle of the White Misuntain (1421) Ferdinand's Land Grimaner of 1627, Joseph it's refusal to be casted, and expe Franz V's declaration of an Aurian Empire in 1814 kad Broken te uimity of law and that no Bohemian state rights existed any

is is capusition of the topic, Kramar's position was ambiguous Inle hoef Kalousek, he did not assert that Bohemian state rigfits had Axminus existence until the present day-Theresian cautafiom kad les no strung a freak in continuity to pursue this line of argument Komar umed instead to arguments haved on Czech liberaliom. As a mitted ineral, Kramar partially sosepted the German liberal inter peration of the German Birgerton's smuggle for freetom against the Stemian feudal miles, fut then presented the Czeche literal creden the angued that despite the Czech aliance with the nobles, the es waz of Cach character had remained liberal and demneratie. Fise Kanse, the question of Bihenian mate rigins was purely one of move are and set a question of progress and liberal centralism against Sonary federation, as die German linerals had represented it. Kramát wemping to deam German lifveral crificiom of Bohemian state sachimand and illiberal, instead pointing is the Young Czechs emancipation from the Baitemin nobles as a print of Czech commitment to progress and demsertacy. There was a staroziy disguised

The kaavion Seste Ideo and Bohemian State Rights

Komar and Masaryk published books in 1875 which contained of Cach history Kearsal's Den hohmische sewarecht, the meninnail off the two, waves the existence of Bohemian sate Maria Theresia's firutal Breach of law with her project of Kramar Istiliswed in the line of datinguished Czech win tad tasel Bohemian state rigtits on historical proof and On the opposing side, the German literals relied on the e that the Battle of the White Misuntain (1421) Ferdinand's Land Grimaner of 1627, Joseph it's refusal to be casted, and expe Franz V's declaration of an Aurian Empire in 1814 kad Broken te uimity of law and that no Bohemian state rights existed any

is is capusition of the topic, Kramar's position was ambiguous Inle hoef Kalousek, he did not assert that Bohemian state rigfits had Axminus existence until the present day-Theresian cautafiom kad les no strung a freak in continuity to pursue this line of argument Komar umed instead to arguments haved on Czech liberaliom. As a mitted ineral, Kramar partially sosepted the German liberal inter peration of the German Birgerton's smuggle for freetom against the Stemian feudal miles, fut then presented the Czeche literal creden the angued that despite the Czech aliance with the nobles, the es waz of Cach character had remained liberal and demneratie. Fise Kanse, the question of Bihenian mate rigins was purely one of move are and set a question of progress and liberal centralism against Sonary federation, as die German linerals had represented it. Kramát wemping to deam German lifveral crificiom of Bohemian state sachimand and illiberal, instead pointing is the Young Czechs emancipation from the Baitemin nobles as a print of Czech commitment to progress and demsertacy. There was a staroziy disguised

Czech political leaders claimed the entire Bohemian crown lands, including majority German-speaking areas, for Czechoslovakia. In the nineteenth century, Czech nationalist activists had used Bohemia’s historical status as an independent kingdom to argue for Bohemian states rights (Staatsrecht/státní pravo) within the Habsburg Empire. [...]

Changing Places: Society, Culture, and Territory in the Saxon-Bohemian Borderlands, 1870-1946 Cover Caitlin Murdock University of Michigan Press, 20.04.2010