User:Tinytornado14/Gender role

Bibliography/Citations:
Cranford, C. J. (2012). Gendered Projects of Solidarity: Workplace Organizing among Immigrant Women and Men. Gender, Work & Organization, 19(2), 142–164.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2011.00585.x


 * This is published in a journal. It is a primary source. This talks about gender roles & wages in the workplace and how that has been specifically impacted socially-- by immigration. It provides notability

Donato, K. M., Wakabayashi, C., Hakimzadeh, S., & Armenta, A. (2008). Shifts in the employment conditions of Mexican migrant men and women. Work and Occupations, 35(4), 462–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888408322859


 * This is published in a journal, I would not say that it provides a lot of notability

Smilan-Goldstein, R. (2023). Protecting our (White) daughters: U.S. immigration and benevolent sexism. Politics & Gender, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x23000521


 * This article talks more so about sexism and gender roles in the workplace and how those equity gaps have also impacted women of color and those who are white. This provides notability from an aspect of gender roles & workplace

Milkman, R., & Terriquez, V. (2012). “We are the ones who are out in front”: Women’s leadership in the immigrant rights movement. Feminist Studies, 38(3), 723–752. https://doi.org/10.1353/fem.2012.0039


 * Peer reviewed, primary source. I do not think that this provides notability because it talks about the movements that are assisting in the equity gaps.

Iredale, R. (2005). Gender, immigration policies and accreditation: valuing the skills of professional women migrants. Geoforum, 36(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.04.002


 * This talks about gender roles and equity gaps from those who are migrant women. I believe that this is notable for this article, it is peer reviewed as well.

Dzordzormenyoh, M. K., & Boateng, F. D. (2022). Immigration Politics and Policymaking in  the USA (2017-2021): Examining the Effect of Geopolitics on Public Attitude Towards Immigration Policies. Journal of international migration and integration, 1–23. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-022-01004-6


 * The overall impact of views on immigration that affect the equity in the workplace for those who have immigrated and how that provides another perspective on gender roles.

'''The article that I chose requires citations in certain areas. However, specific to the article and the citations that I chose, I would like to include more information in the:'''


 * economic and social consequences
 * alongside citations to in the workplace.
 * Both pertain to the idea that gender roles and the workplace is a prevalent pattern seen throughout history. It also provides the lens that not only is it women of color but those that have migrated, that integrate that diversity and new skillsets into the economy/social environment. The content gap while reading exists because although women of color have experiences with being paid less/being treated differently based on their gender. However, it has existed prior to just women of color but the introduction of migration of people and women.

Gender role

Economic and social consequences
Traditional gender roles assume women will serve as the primary caregivers for children and the elderly, regardless of whether they also work outside of the home. Sociology scholar Arlie Hochschild delves into this phenomenon in her book, The Second Shift. This concept refers to the unpaid work women take on in the private sphere—housework, cooking, cleaning, and caring for the family unit. Economically, this restricts a women's ability to advance in her career due to her added (unpaid) responsibilities at home. '''Gender roles have influenced the idea that women are well suited for more feminine roles such as housekeeping and domestic duties. These roles were seen to be biologically fit or requiring less labor, making it suitable for a woman. ''' The OECD found "Around the world, women spend two to ten times more time on unpaid care work than men." In 2020 alone, women provided over $689 billion in unpaid labor to the U.S. economy. Lee and Fang found, "Compared with Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian Americans took more extensive caregiving responsibilities."

Across all demographics, women are more likely to live in poverty compared to men. This is largely due to the gender wage gap between men and '''women. Correcting these wage gaps would increase women's salaries from an annual average earning of $41,402 to $48,326 increasing the income of the U.S economy[187]. The gender wage gap is largely racial—in the U.S., American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women, Black women, and Latina women disproportionately''' experience poverty and larger wage gaps compared with White and Asian women. Women are also more likely to live in poverty if they are single mothers and solely responsible for providing for their children. Poverty among single working mothers would fall 40% or more if women earn equal wages to men.

'''Specifically, in the immigrant demographic, migrant women are subject to lesser benefits and wage gaps compared to that of what migrant men recieve. Preceding 1984 to 1994-2004, Mexican migrant women earned $6.0 to $7.40 per hour alongside their unpaid domestic responsibilities'''. Similarly, gender roles apply for immigrant women in the workplace as their skill level does not guarantee equitable participation in the economy. '''The 1986 immigration policy, impacted the employment of migrant men and women, specifically women with lower wages and higher demands. This trend continued in the United States as immigration policy has persistently been grouped into political affiliations alongside various other social, economic, and geographical factors.'''

Gender role

- added a sentence/2 with a citation