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Otorhinolaryngology is a surgical routine within medicine that deals with the conditions of the ear, nose, and throat. Also formerly known as ENT which is related structures of the head and neck. Microvascular reconstruction repair is a common operation that is done on patients who see a Otorhinolaryngologist. Microvascular reconstruction repair is a surgical procedure that involves moving a composite piece of tissue from the patient's body and moves it to the head and or neck. Microvascular head and neck reconstruction is used to treat head and neck cancers, including those of the larynx and pharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, jaws, calvarium, sinuses, tongue and skin.The tissue that is most common moved during this procedure is from the arms, legs, back, and can come from the skin, bone,fat, and or muscle. When doing this procedure, the decision on which is moved is determined on the reconstructive needs. Transfer of the tissue to the head and neck allows surgeons to rebuild the patient's jaw, optimize tongue function, and reconstruct the throat. When the pieces of tissue are moved, they require their own blood supply for a chance of survival in their new location. After the surgery is completed, the blood vessels that feed the tissue transplant are reconnected to new blood vessels in the neck. These blood vessels are typically no more than 1 to 3 centimeters in diameter which means these connections need to be made with a microscope which is why this procedure is called “microvascular surgery”.

Prior to surgery, patients undergo careful assessment of functional impact and necessary rehabilitation planning. This surgery involves the harvesting flaps of healthy tissue where the tissue is not as important with the blood supply from the remote sites in the body. Cancer treatment usually involves some combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy — any of which can result in significant treatment-related side effects. Treatment of head and neck cancer can affect the appearance of the face and neck, as well as various functions, including: speech, sight, smell, swallowing and taste. Microvascular surgery is used to return the head, face and neck to as close to normal as is possible.

Free muscle transfer is a procedure. A surgeon harvests a muscle from the back of the rectus abdominis for reconstruction of the skull base or cranial vault. The muscle is useful for sealing off the central nervous system and for promoting healing of complex wounds. Free bone transfer is the bony defects that are often the most difficult reconstructions as precise alignment of the bone is required. The bone is most commonly used for mandibular reconstruction, but it now allows use for midface and orbito maxillary reconstruction. Free skin and free fat transfer is another known surgery. The radical forearm has been a dominant flap used for cutaneous coverage. nor site with reliable vascularity, ease of harvest and versatility. Tissue types that may be safely harvested from this donor site include: skin, skin and fat, fat and fascia or fascia alone. The abundance of tissue available and the minimal morbidity from this site permits reconstruction of contour defects of the head and neck, pharyngeal reconstruction following laryngectomy, mucosalized tongue reconstruction and reconstruction of nasal lining and neck skin.


 * Peer Review: Justine Miller
 * You may want to reword the third line and change "common" to "commonly" at the end of the fourth line.
 * Great tone and style for this topic and Wikipedia. You also did a very good job citing your sources within your sandbox.
 * You could also include in what type of situations this procedure would be performed, such as a type of disease or injury.
 * Overall, I think what you have is a very solid addition to an article.