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In this list of political officeholders of the Republic of China by age, for each office, the first table charts the age of each officeholder at the time of taking office (the first time taking office if elected or appointed to multiple and consecutive terms), upon leaving office, and at the time of death. The oldest living and a graphical representation are provided if applicable.

Oldest living
Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a president older than any living ex-president. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest president.

Oldest living
Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a vice president older than any living ex-vice president. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest vice president.

Premier (President of the Executive Yuan)
As of July 2024, fourteen former premiers of the Republic of China are still alive. The most recent death of a former premier was that of Hau Pei-tsun (who was prime minister during 1990–1993) on 30 March 2020. Su Tseng-chang, who served from 2006 to 2007, returned to the office since 2019 and is the current incumbent.

Oldest living
Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a premier older than any living former premier. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest premier.

President of the Legislative Yuan
As of July 2024, two former presidents of the Legislative Yuan are still alive. The most recent death of a former premier was that of Liu Sung-pan (who was president of the Yuan during 1992–1999) on 18 November 2016.

Oldest living
Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a speaker older than any living former speaker. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest speaker.

President of the Examination Yuan
As of July 2024, three former presidents of the Yuan are still alive. The most recent death of a former Examination Yuan president was that of Hsu Shui-teh (who was President of the Yuan during 1996–2002) on 31 March 2021.

Oldest living
Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a president of the Yuan older than any living former president. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest president of the Yuan.

President of the Control Yuan
As of July 2024, four former presidents of the Yuan are still alive. The most recent death of a former Control Yuan president was that of Wang Tso-yung (who was President of the Yuan during 1996–1999) on 31 July 2013.

Oldest living
Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a president of the Yuan older than any living former president. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest president of the Yuan.

Graphical timeline
This is a graphical lifespan timeline of the presidents of the Republic of China. The presidents are listed in order of office.

List
Political Party:

Premiers of the Cabinet of the Republic of China (1912–1914)
According to the Provisional Constitution of Republic of China, which was passed in 1912, the leader of the majority party or the majority coalition should be appointed premier by the president.
 * Period: 13 March 1912 – 1 May 1914

Secretaries of State of the Republic of China (1914–1916)

 * Period: 1 May 1914 – 22 December 1915; 22 March 1916 – 29 June 1916

Premiers of the State Council of the Republic of China (1916–1928)

 * Period: 29 June 1916 – 3 June 1928

Presidents of Executive Yuan of the National Government of the Republic of China (1928–1948)

 * Period: 8 October 1928 – 31 May 1948

When Chiang Kai-shek established the Nanking Nationalist government in 1928, he created a presidency for the Executive Yuan instead of a premiership, in order to show the difference between his government and the previous one in Peking (then renamed Beiping). This government moved to Chongqing during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and during the Chinese Civil War relocated to Taipei where it exists today.

Presidents of Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1948–present)

 * Period: 24 May 1948 – present