User:Tlizzie1/sandbox

11/17

There are still several problems with your contribution:

1. In the first paragraph this sentence: Then the strands are cooled to allow the DNA to start to recombine in a sequence where similar strands form a hybrid double-strand of DNA that will form with pieces of DNA from each organism combined. should end in combining not combined.

2. In the second paragraph- What is "meiotic labeled DNA"? This is a jargon term and would not be understood by the average reader

3. In the second paragraph - Why is DNA labeled and then RNA labeled? If this is done during meiosis gene expression will be at a minimum as most teen expression occurs in the G1 phase of interphase.

4. In the second paragraph - After the first sentence the rest of this paragraph makes no sense whatsoever ever. I have no idea what you are trying to say this method does.

5. In the third paragraph- Your first sentence is convoluted and very difficult to understand. The way you had it written before was MUCH easier to understand. I suggest you change this sentence back.

6. In the third paragraph - The second sentence should read: DNA samples are separated into lanes and exposed to many different DNA probes, hybridization between the sample and the probes indicate the presence of a sequence of interest.

7. In the third paragraph - Bacillus should be italicized as it is a Genera of bacteria.

8. In the third paragraph - The fourth sentence should be re-written to: This discovery enables classification of A. aegypti exposed to Bacillus from A. aegypti that have not been exposed due to an acquired Bacillus immunity after infection.

9. In the third paragraph - I think you can loose the last sentence. The sentence I wrote above summarizes what is said in the last paragraph

This week we will be copying wiki contributions onto wikipedia. However I want to see you make the changes I listed above before you copy your contribution onto the live wiki page. That second paragraph needs A LOT of work, make sure you read the paper careful and summarize their findings in SIMPLE TERMS that ANYONE can understand. You shouldn't need a degree to read a wikipedia page, pretend you are writing this for a group of middle schoolers.

--- 11/13 Tristen's Reupdated Response Round 2

I plan on drafting my contributions to the DNA-DNA hybridization Wikipedia article.

DNA-DNA hybridization is a method that combines the DNA of two different organisms together and heats the sample so that DNA strands start to disconnect. Then the strands are cooled to allow the DNA to start to recombine in a sequence where similar strands form a hybrid double-strand of DNA that will form with pieces of DNA from each organism combined. It has been successfully applied to determine the relatedness of two organisms by measuring their degree of hybridization (genetic similarity) because it has the ability to genetically restrict the two strands within its own limits of crossing over for the resulting species.

DNA-DNA hybridization has been modified to incorporate radio labeled sections of interest on the genome to identify potentially fatal conditions in chromosomal abnormalities through locating their DNA sequences. This is done when a related meiotic labeled DNA crosses over with a radio labeled DNA, which can be visualized with X-rays to show gene expression by labeling RNA in situ. This method gets a better demonstration of the reaction's diagnostics through hybridizing the meiotic DNA's complementary RNA with the radioactive DNA's chromosomes after its rDNA was removed and making it more dense than the meiotic DNA from being centrifuged. The rDNA covers most of the radioactive DNA's genome and would take longer to become exposed and removing it helps earn faster classification results during the fixtation when the resulting DNA strands are recombined. DNA can be radio-labeled at different stages of the cell cycle such as the mitosis' metaphase to determine the timing of gene expression of genes of interest. From this method, researchers can understand a gene's function through its sensitivities of radioactive signals and targeted mRNA amounts based on the fraction's boundaries for more faster diagnostic results. This method could be more reliable for technological improvements on more advanced diagnostics of such conditions through hybrid strands in the chromosomes.

A new method of DNA-DNA hybridization was introduced for detecting reactions to exposure from bacterial species in such individual organisms by hybridizing large numbers of DNA samples against large numbers of DNA probes on a single membrane called "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. These samples would have to be separated in their own lanes inside the membranes based on their restrictions and then the membranes would be rotated to a different angle and that could result in simultaneous hybridization with many different DNA probes. This technique was applied to discover that mosquito called Aedes aegypti was found to carry such harmful bacterial species in their guts like Bacillus that is toxic to insects when consumed. That discovery would classify such differences between other individuals of the same species after a brief period of time for exposure while they would be acting immune due to their infection. Such a discovery proves that this method can be useful for detecting the presence and number of bacterial species through its sensitivity for classification results through the organism's immunity to help prevent infections based on their differences between the amount during different stages.

11/10 Shannon's comments round 2

For the first paragraph: I would replace "mixes" with "combines" in your first sentence and "recombines" in your second sentence. Also in the second sentence the DNA doesn't "become" similar it only forms hybrid DNA where the strands are similar. What is a "connected strain set" I think you mean related strains maybe re-write it as "It has been successfully applied to determine the relatedness of two organisms by measuring their degree of hybridization (genetic similarity)."

The next paragraph the first sentence is VERY long I would maybe shorten it to " DNA-DNA hybridization has been modified to incorporate radio labeled sections of interest on the genome to identify potentially fatal conditions." Same thing with the second sentence maybe just "The radio labeled DNA can be visualized with X-rays to show gene expression by labeling RNA in situ." I don't understand what your third sentence is saying at all - this needs clarification, but more importantly is it necessary does it make the meaning more clear - if not loose it, your paragraphs are a little ramble-y and need to be tightened up so that someone can read through and get the meaning you intend. I don't know what you mean by restructured. What does DNA strands are restructured mean? I think you can re-write the last part of this paragraph as "DNA can be radio-labeled at different stages of the cell cycle to determine the timing of gene expression of genes of interest. " This is an interesting twist on DNA-DNA hybridization but I don't see a discovery that comes of it - you mention identification of fatal diseases what fatal disease was identified with this technique? In what stage of the cell cycle (since that is also something you mention)? How are these riffs on DNA-DNA hybridization leading to a tangible advance in science or diagnostics?

For the third paragraph I'm glad you figured out it was a Bacillus species - but why is this harmful? They are associated with the larvae? How did they find that out - is that what they were looking for? Why? Also if the insects or their larvae ( I'm not sure which) are acting immune after exposure how are these bacteria harmful? This paragraph you have a clear finding that came from the method - the discovery of a species of bacterium in mosquito larvae but you are missing the significance - why is this finding important?

--

11/7 - Reupdated Response to Peer Review of Wikipedia Page Contributions Draft

I plan on drafting out my contributions to the DNA-DNA hybridization Wikipedia article.

DNA-DNA hybridization is a method that mixes the DNA of two different organisms together and heats the sample so that DNA strands start to disconnect. Then the strands are cooled to allow the DNA to start mixing in together where they become similar in a sequence forming a hybrid double-strand of DNA that will form with pieces of DNA from each organism combined. It has been a success in determining the classification of connected strain sets and how they can relate with each other through measuring their degree between the two genomes because it has the ability to genetically restrict the two strands within its own limits of crossing over for the resulting species.

While usual methods can be used for examining the relationship between particular DNA hybrid fractions and the rest of the genome in diagnosing fatal conditions, radioactive methods can be used to permit the location of fractions to detect a specific gene experession in a tissue to classify its function in situ hybridization to mRNAs within cells for faster diagnostics. This is done when a related meiotic test DNA crosses over with a radioactive test DNA and the strands can be found through X-ray images used to detect radioactive materials. Unlike usual methods of an organism's ribosomal RNA hybridizing with the related test DNA's region without the chromosomes, this method hybridizes the meiotic test DNA's long complementary RNA with the chromosomes instead of the region to get a better demonstration of the reaction's diagnostics. The DNA's restructuring occurs during the fixation where faster classification results occur after removing the radioactive DNA's ribosomal DNA since it covers most of the genome and would take longer to become exposed. Many of the hybrid strands could be restructured in different stages of the cell cycle such as in the interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes due to their sensitivity which leads to the discovery that hybridization of a gene expression can be successfully detected from several stages of the cell cycle when a specific strand restricts a specific sequence in a genome. From this method, researchers could highly understand the importance and function of a gene through the sensitivities of radioactive signals and the targeted mRNA amounts based on the fraction's boundaries for more faster results of diagnosing such infectious diseases. This method could be more reliable for technological improvements to diagnose such fatal diseases and conditions through hybrid strands.

A new method of DNA-DNA hybridization was introduced for detecting reactions to exposure from bacterial species in such individual organisms by hybridizing large numbers of DNA samples against large numbers of DNA probes on a single membrane called "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. These samples would have to be separated in their own lanes inside the membranes based on their restrictions and then the membranes would be rotated to a different angle and that could result in simultaneous hybridization with many different DNA probes. This technique was applied to discover that mosquito called Aedes aegypti was found to carry such harmful bacterial species in their guts like Bacillus associating with larvae which would classify such differences between other individuals of the same species after a brief period of time for exposure while they would be acting immune to such bacteria due to their infection. Such a discovery proves that this method can be useful for detecting the presence and number of bacterial species such as larvae and insects through its sensitivity for classification results through the organism's immunity to help prevent infections.

11/6 review of Tristan’s contribution First citations should be directly after a sentence that comes from that reference- the way you have it now the reference comes after the paragraph that contains information from the reference rather than the sentences they come from.

Your first paragraph is a bit too informal instead of :

The way this method works usually is when you mix the DNA of two different organisms together to allow DNA strands to start disconnecting and then start mixing in together to start forming a renewed hybrid double-strand of DNA.

Try something like:

DNA-DNA hybridization is when you mix the DNA of two different organisms together and heat the sample so thatDNA double strands to disconnecting, then strands are cooled to allowed DNA to mixing in together where strands are similar in sequence a hybrid double-strand of DNA will form with piece of DNA from each organism combined.

The sentence I’ve written is clearer and more formal than what you wrote. The second sentence of your first paragraph is very jumbled and I think you say the same thing many times without explaining what you’re saying I think you can be more concise and clear with the whole first paragraph.

Your second two paragraphs make it seem like you had a lot of trouble understanding what was done and why. Try taking the information apart and answering these couple of questions:

How was DNA DNA hybridization used (what organisms DNA were mixed? What was the point of mixing the DNA what were the researchers trying to find out?) What was discovered from the experiment? Why is this discovery important?

The last question is going to be tricky because you need to stay neutral but you want to think about why it is important to apply these techniques.

Also there are a couple of technical mistakes Bti is not a bacterium either you need to figure out what the species of bacteria is that was discovered in the mosquito gut especially since that is what was discovered in this paper!


 * October 23, 2019 - DNA-DNA Hybridization Wikipedia Page Contributions Draft

I plan on drafting out my contributions to the DNA-DNA hybridization Wikipedia article.

The way this method works usually is when you mix the DNA of two different organisms together to allow DNA strands to start disconnecting and then start mixing in together to start forming a renewed hybrid double-strand of DNA. It has been a success in determining the classification of connected strain sets and how they can relate with each other through measuring the degree of related combinations between the two genomes as it has the ability to genetically restrict the two different species' DNA within its own limits of crossing over in order to determine how it affects the resulting species in order to create a successful hybrid organism of two different species as we can tell how this organism would properly function.

Radioactive methods can be used to detect a tissue's unique gene expression in order to understand its function in situ hybridization to mRNAs within cells, which permits the location of specific DNA hybrid fractions in order to find them more easily by crossing over a radioactive test DNA with a related test DNA and detecting the hybrid strands through autoradiography, which serves as an X-ray image to detect radioactive materials. Unlike usual methods of an organism's ribosomal RNA hybridizing with the related test DNA's chromosomes region without the chromosomes, this method hybridizes the DNA's long complementary RNA with the chromosomes but not the region in order to better demonstrate the diagnostics of the reaction. The DNA's restructuring occurs during the fixation where different types of DNA could be classified and faster results occur after removing the radioactive DNA's ribosomal DNA since it covers most of the genome and would take longer to become exposed. Many of the hybrid strands could be restructured in different stages of the cell cycle such as interphase and metaphase due to their sensitivity which leads to the discovery that hybridization of a gene expression can be successfully detected from several stages of the cell cycle when a specific strand restricts a specific sequence in a genome in order to classify the expression's results between the tissue's regions. From this method, researchers could highly understand the importance and function of a gene through the sensitivities of radioactive signals and the targeted mRNA amounts based on the boundaries of the hybrid fractions.

A new method of DNA-DNA hybridization was introduced for hybridizing large numbers of DNA samples against large numbers of DNA probes on a single membrane called "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. These samples would have to be separated in their own lanes inside the membranes and then the membranes would have to be rotated to a different angle where it could result in simultaneous hybridization with many different DNA probes. This technique was applied to discover that mosquito called Aedes aegypti was found to carry such harmful bacterial species in their guts like Bti associating with larvae which would classify such differences between other individuals of the same species after a brief period of time for exposure while they would be acting immune to such bacteria due to their infection. Such a discovery proves that this method can be useful for detecting the presence and number of bacterial species in such individual organisms that carry many such as larvae and insects through its sensitivity in order to classify those species through their immunity.


 * October 10, 2019 - I added in a sentence at the end of the method section from information I gained out an article of a new method used for hybridizing large numbers of DNA samples against large numbers of DNA probes on a single support membrane saying this:

One method was introduced for hybridizing large numbers of DNA samples against large numbers of DNA probes on a single membrane. These samples would have to be separated in their own lanes inside the membranes and then the membrane would have to be rotated to a different angle where it would result in simultaneous hybridization with many different DNA probes. DNA–DNA hybridization has not been tested much worldwide because it could take years to get results and it's not always that easy to perform in routine laboratories. However in 2004, there has been a new method tested out by digesting melting profiles with Sau3A in microplates in order to get a faster DNA–DNA hybridization test result. Radioactivity: In 1969, one such method was performed by Mary Lou Pardue and Joseph G. Gall at the Yale University through radioactivity where it involved the hybridization of a radioactive test DNA in solution to the stationary DNA of a cytological preparation, which is identified as autoradiography
 * October 10, 2019 - I I added in a sentence in the microbiology section of a DNA-DNA hybridization article from information I gained out of an article explaining a new method used to get faster results saying this:
 * October 10, 2019 - I added in a new part in the Uses section of a DNA-DNA hybridization article that describes the use of hybridization through radioactivity from this article I read saying this:
 * October 3, 2019 - Pardue, Mary Lou, and Joseph G Hall. “Molecular Hybridization of Radioactive DNA to the DNA of Cytological Preparations.” Kline Biology Tower, Yale University, 13 Aug. 1969. - I plan on adding in a new part in the Uses section of a DNA-DNA hybridization article that describes the use of hybridization through radioactivity by gaining information from this article I read about a method performed in 1969 where it involves the mix of a radioactive DNA test in solution to the stationary DNA of a cytological preparation.
 * October 3, 2019 - Mehlen, André, et al. “Development of a Fast DNA-DNA Hybridization Method Based on Melting Profiles in Microplates.” Systematic and Applied Microbiology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 27 Nov. 2004, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15612626. - I plan on adding in a sentence in the microbiology section from an article report I read on NCBI talking about a new method being used to get faster test results by digesting melting profiles with Sau3A in microplates in order to get a faster DNA-DNA hybridization test result.
 * October 3, 2019 - Socransky, S S, et al. “‘Checkerboard’ DNA-DNA Hybridization.” BioTechniques, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 1994, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7833043 - I plan on adding in a sentence with this citation explaining a new method used for hybridizing large numbers of DNA samples against large numbers of DNA probes on a single support membrane.
 * September 29, 2019 - So I was researching an article on giant tortoises and I added a sentence to it in the introduction of the Galapagos giant tortoise section before the last sentence explaining the recent discovery of a tortoise species thought to have been extinct since 1906 and I took that information out of an article from the National Geographic website written by Jill Langlois published in February 2019.