User:Tnmanning/Petroleum

Original paragraph from Petroleum

""Ocean acidification is the increase in the acidity of the Earth's oceans caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This increase in acidity inhibits all marine life—having a greater impact on smaller organisms as well as shelled organisms (see scallops).""

The paragraph was missing information about ocean acidification...

New paragraph for Petroleum

Ocean acidification is the increase in the acidity of the Earth's oceans caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The saturation state of calcium carbonate decreases with the uptake of carbon dioxide in the ocean. This increase in acidity inhibits all marine life—having a greater impact on smaller organisms as well as shelled organisms (see scallops).

Source for new information:


 * 1) Sommer U, Paul C, Moustaka-Gouni M (2015) Warming and Ocean Acidification Effects on Phytoplankton—From Species Shifts to Size Shifts within Species in a Mesocosm Experiment. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0125239. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125239

Original paragraph from Petroleum

""Oil extraction is simply the removal of oil from the reservoir (oil pool). oilis often recovered as a water-in-oil emulsion, and Speciality chemicals called Demulsifier are used to separate the oil from water. Oil extraction is costly and often environmentally damaging. Offshore exploration and extraction of oil disturb the surrounding marine environment."

The paragraph was missing information, there are many methods used to extract oil. New paragraph for Petroleum

New paragraph for Petroleum

Oil extraction is simply the removal of oil from the reservoir (oil pool). There are many methods of extracting the oil from the reservoirs for example; mechanical shaking, water-in-oil emulsion, and specialty chemicals called demulsifiers that separate the oil from water. Oil extraction is costly and often environmentally damaging. Offshore exploration and extraction of oil disturb the surrounding marine environment.

source for new information


 * 1) Waste discharges during the offshore oil and gas activity Archived September 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine by Stanislave Patin, tr. Elena Casci

Original paragraph from Petroleum

""Petroleum production can be linked with conflict: whether through direct aggression, trade wars such as the 2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war, or by indirectly funding aggressors, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.""

Missing information, expanded on how the conflicts occured, why and where are they most common.

New paragraphs for Petroleum

Petroleum production has been linked with conflict for many years, leading to thousands of deaths due to these wars/conflicts. Petroleum deposits are in hardly any countries around the world ; mainly in Russia and some parts of the middle east. Conflicts may start when countries refuse to cut oil production in which other countries respond to such actions by increasing their production causing a trade war as experienced during the 2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war. Other conflicts start due to countries wanting petroleum resources or other reasons on oil resource territory experienced in the Iran–Iraq War.

Source for new information:


 * 1) Lujala, Päivi (2009). "Deadly Combat over Natural Resources: Gems, Petroleum, Drugs, and the Severity of Armed Civil Conflict". The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 53 (1): 50–71. ISSN 0022-0027.
 * 2) Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994). The economy of Iraq : oil, wars, destruction of development and prospects, 1950-2010. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN  0-313-29186-1 . OCLC 28965749.
 * Ma, Richie Ruchuan; Xiong, Tao; Bao, Yukun (2021-10-01). "The Russia-Saudi Arabia oil price war during the COVID-19 pandemic". Energy Economics. 102: 105517. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105517. ISSN 0140-9883. PMC 8652835. PMID 34898736.
 * 1) "Iran-Iraq War | Causes, Summary, Casualties, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-16