User:Tom (LT)/sandbox/Table of neurotransmitter actions in the ANS

Sympathetic nervous system

 * In the heart, increase cardiac output (β1, β2), heart rate (β1, β2),, atrial and ventricular contractility (β1) and cardiac muscle automaticity
 * In blood vessels, vascular smooth muscle contract (α1) or relax (β2) . Constrict arteries, including the renal artery (α1), small and large coronary arteries (α1, α2), and arteries to skin (α), other organs (α) and the brain (α1)
 * Dilate small coronary arteries, the hepatic artery, and arteries to skeletal muscle (β2)
 * Constrict arteries to erectile tissue (α1), arteries to salivary glands (α) and veins (α1, α2) . Dilate veins (β2)
 * In the haematological system, aggregate platelets (α2) and inhibit histamine release from mast cells (β2)
 * In the respiratory system, relax the smooth muscle of bronchioles (β2), or play a minor role in contracting them (α1). Note that the bronchioles have no sympathetic innervation, but are instead affected by circulating adrenaline
 * Dilate the pupil dilator muscle, causing mydriasis (α1). Relax the ciliary muscle, causing long-range focus (β2).
 * In the digestive system, stimulates viscous, amylase secretions from salivary glands (β), stimulate potassium secretions (α1)
 * Stimulate protein secretion from lacrimal glands (β)
 * Stimulate renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney (β1).
 * In the liver, stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (α1, β2). Stimulate lipolysis in adipose cells (β1, β3)
 * In the GI tract, decrease smooth muscle motility (α1, α2, β2) and cause contraction of the sphincters (α1, α2, β2)
 * In the pancreas, decrease insulin secretion from beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans (α2), and increases glucagon secretion from alpha cells.
 * In the adrenal medulla, stimulate secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine via the N (nicotinic ACh receptor).
 * In the urinary system, relax the Detrusor urinae muscle of bladder wall (β2), β3: constrict the internal urethra sphincter (α1)
 * In the reproductive system, contract the uterus of pregnant women (α1) or relax it if not pregnant (β2). Stimulate ejaculation (α1).
 * In the skin, stimulate sweat gland secretions (α1, minor) and arrector pili erection (α1).

Parasympathetic nervous system

 * In the heart, decrease cardiac output (M2), heart rate (M2), and atrial contractility
 * Relax vascular smooth muscle (M3)
 * Dilate arteries to erectile tissue and arteries to salivary glands (M3)
 * In the respiratory system, contract the smooth muscle of bronchioles (M3)
 * Contract the Iris sphincter muscle, causing miosis (M3). Contract the ciliary muscle, causing short-range focus (M3)
 * stimulate watery secretions from salivary glands (M3).
 * stimulates secretion of tears from the lacrimal glands (M3)
 * In the GI tract, stimulate gastric acid secretion from parietal cells (M1), increase smooth muscle motility (M3, M1), cause relaxation of the sphincters, and stimulate secretions from the glands of the tract (M3)
 * In the pancreas, increase secretion of insulin and glucagon (M3)
 * In the urinary system, contract the Detrusor urinae muscle of bladder wall (M3) contracts, relax the internal urethral sphincter (M3)
 * Stimulate erection (M3).
 * In the skin, stimulate sweat gland secretions (M)