User:Tommyj0127/GIS and aquatic science

GIS for Aquatic Management
With GIS, scientists create maps of aquatic systems that have been mapped over the last forty years by satellite imagery. As aquatic ecosystems change due to urbanization and manipulation to the watershed, scientists are creating maps to manage impoundments or confined bodies of water like lakes and reservoirs. With maps, scientists help minimize flood damage by advising companies to not build within flood plains, help identify and track nutrient loading, and manage lakes for human use . As additional layers are created for maps and GIS technology improves, scientists make management recommendations for many types of aquatic environments.

GIS is also used to study the movement of water and its impact. With the increase in large-scale flooding from severe storms and rapid flash floods after high rainfall events, water managers are looking at ways to prevent the loss of human life and destruction of property. GIS software can process large amounts of data and create accurate maps of water movement through an ecosystem in real-time or show the probable movement. Through the ability to map the flow of water, GIS helps scientists prepare and educate people on the dangers of living in areas impacted by the flow of water. From maps, scientists also identify areas that may have harmful contaminants or toxins in the watershed. Through tracking the water movement, scientists collect data and understand what is being picked up from the environment and what type of nutrients or toxins may be loading into a water system. For example, when studying the watershed of the Hun-Taizi river in China, scientists used GIS to estimate the sources and concentrations of heavy metal pollutants such as copper, nickel, and cadmium.

GIS aids in tracking the distribution of nutrients along watersheds. Tracking nutrient runoff is significant when managing any impoundment since runoff can cause foul-smelling water, toxic algal blooms, and unappealing watercolor. As an increase of nutrients enters the ecosystems, there is concern over what will happen with increased nutrients being loaded into the water. To track nutrients, limnologists collect field samples from randomly chosen sites and then enter data into the GIS program to determine the levels of nutrients. With maps, scientists make recommendations once an area is identified as being of concern. One place where this is being done is in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, the largest estuary in the United States. GIS is one of the tools scientists are using to assess restoration efforts as part of their efforts to conserve land and water resources of the Chesapeake Bay.

GIS is also being used to track soil erosion and sediment runoff as it runs through aquatic ecosystems. To map soil erosion, loss satellite imagery is placed into GIS and then calculations are performed on the images to get a percentage. Using GIS scientist are also using studies to track drought risks and mapping water recession as it occurs. Using GIS, scientists are also using studies to track drought risks and mapping water recession as it occurs. Through mapping lakes during droughts, scientists are analyzing data and advising how water conservation techniques need to be implemented when required. In mapping the lake through droughts, scientists can also see how the bottom of the lake has changed from previous drought years. This allows them to also track the amount of sediment that has entered the water body through erosion from prior years. Links for Citation Papers

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431160500219224?casa_token=8rtLHBrxT2AAAAAA%3AX7avb05_yW_SLJZf78nhtAlx710I2dGlh7EWMoyX_umd1w7FsUbmingkSyjXuRWchXJ-hhPb2s7I

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169411003180?casa_token=EDRXEkZIyKcAAAAA:1rSBGTQ91DRPb7-C9n-EWtglFkIOFAN04oewzffPNClrecWJpREJlU8myGu2lJcR7iDnAtcoNw

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262960531_Use_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_by_Fisheries_Management_Agencies

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=UfRjAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&ots=jrgAsK4Nie&sig=TkN2GwtAz-xAEECfFvwFX2Jkuvg#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169555X9700069X

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65809-0

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03189.x?casa_token=aLljwm81FzkAAAAA:ncc7yrdIegUbPRzy2BuRl1HTD5gr0PCeSL9eM_Dn-Zo4MALpmRqCKWwXsu4GAJ9_TCyDrGSH0esu0w

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01433.x?casa_token=OoiUe6bjaagAAAAA%3AYAXBBsJSdNUpSyo1gpZEPmWqUZ-d5MvOA4e5P3NFL4T7S8ZhaR5lVjCBzyuS2ATSaNiiGnpfvM_sZQ

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Integrated-Analysis-of-Ecosystem-Interactions-with-Goetz-Jantz/a80b2e39a5ccc4ef9652c353e1686cb2b5715e61?p2df

https://www.pnas.org/content/114/16/4177.short

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11269-006-9118-z

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809513000744?casa_token=zNUrrXcVKpYAAAAA:cmlZ5dr6f4lyr1u2nmve0eS0hTfMvPduvKt8nmTbut-SOILTh3fH22ocYRBE5npjVxvDu4ysuw

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-012-0707-2.pdf

http://www.pjoes.com/Tracking-Soil-Erosion-Changes-in-an-Easily-Eroded-Watershed-of-the-Chinese-Loess-Plateau,60490,0,2.html