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Thon Buri (ธนบุรี) is an area of modern Bangkok. It was capital of Thailand from 1767 to 1782, during the reign of King Taksin, after the previous capital Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese. It is located on the opposite bank of Chao Phraya River to Bangkok. Before being made the capital, Thon Buri was an important garrison town at the mouth of the river.

King Rama I moved the capital to Bangkok in 1782. Thon Buri remained an independent town and province, until it was merged into Bangkok in 1972. Thon Buri stayed less developed than the other side of the river. Many of the traditional small waterways, Khlongs, still exist there, while they are nearly gone from the other side of the river.

In 1950, Bangkok had around 1.3m people, and the municipality of Thon Buri around 400,000. In 1970 Thon Buri was Thailand's second largest city proper with around 600,000 residents.

Origins
In 1767, after Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese. The city proper was destroyed, leaving no government and official in charge. As a result of the destruction of Ayutthaya, King Taksin determined to make his capital at Thonburi instead of returning to Ayutthaya. Thonburi was the capital of Thailand from 1767 to 1782. It is located on the opposite side of the Chao Phraya River to Bangkok. Moving the capital to Thonburi had many benefits for Thai people. The Burmese were familiar with several routes leading to Ayutthaya. In case of attack, effective defense of city would be difficult. Thonburi which is only twenty kilometers from the sea would be difficult to invade by land. Moreover, it was better suited for seaborne trade. It is believed that King Taksin had a mentally illness after he moved into Thonburi. Perhaps because of the length of time spent fighting, it is said he’d inflict cruel punishments on anyone who had not complied with his orders. In 1782, King Taksin was accordingly put to death. In 1782, King Rama I moved the capital to Bangkok which is across from Thonburi on the east bank. Bangkok is easier to defend from a Burmese attack from the west.

Commerce
After moving from Ayutthaya, most of the arable land was destroyed, leaving people starving. The lack of food became a big problem. King Taksin bought food from foreign countries such as Cambodia and distributed it to the people. King Taksin also tried to increase the income of the kingdom by collecting taxes, levies and tributes from colonies and used it as investment for trade with foreign countries. He invited some foreign countries such as England, Holland, and especially China to come back to trade with Thailand. King Taksin encouraged Chinese people to work in Thailand to increase the amount of labor to the kingdom.

Geography
Thonburi has the region of only twenty-five square kilometers. Nonthaburi borders the North of Thonburi, on the West is Nakorn Pathom, the Easterly province is Samutprakran wherever many parts arrive the Gulf of Thailand. The East is the Chao Phraya River. The weather in Thonburi is hot and humid all year round because Thonburi is in tropic zone. Due to its surrounding by water, typical careers of people in Thonburi are agricultures and orchard possessor. It is believed that Thonburi was once part of the ocean, later became a province with many waterways. As a result, the traditional Thai way of life on the canals still exists here, as do the floating vendors and orchard farms.

Interesting places
Statue of King Taksin the Great is in the middle of Wongwian Yai (the Big Traffic Circle) in Thonburi, where Prajadhipok/Inthara Phithak/Lat Ya/Somdet Phra Chao Taksin Roads intersect each other. As can be seen, the statue of the king is holding a sword in his right hand. The statue is approximately 9 meters in height. The statue was, of course, built to honor King Taksin the great from liberating Thailand from Burma.

Phra Racha Wang Derm or Thon Buri Palace is the only palace built by King Taksin the great in 1768. It was built on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River near the old Wichayen Fort; later renamed Wichaiprasit. When King Rama I took over the throne, the capital was moved to the east bank of the Chao Phraya River, and a new royal palace was constructed. Thonburi Palace became known as Phra Racha Wang Derm (the original palace). King Rama I reduced the area of the palace by excluding the two temples from the palace ground

Wat Arun, also known as the Temple of Dawn, is a temple at the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, right next to the Navy Base. This is a royal temple in the highest rank and it is by far the most visited tourist attraction in Thonburi. A temple has occupied this site since the Ayutthaya period. It was first named Wat Makok, which means "Olive Temple",named after the many olive orchards in the area. Wat Arun served as King Taksin's royal temple and was inside the Wang Derm Palace grounds. In the Rattanakosin-era, Wat Arun lost its special status to Wat Phra Kaew in the Grand Palace, but it remained one of the most iconic temples of Thailand

Transportation

 * By boat: The easiest way to get into Thonburi is by boat. there's the Chao Phraya Express Boat goes up and down the river every day.
 * By train: there are 2 stations that reach Thonburi
 * 1) Thonburi Train Base is the terminus for twice-daily trains to Kanchanaburi.
 * 2) Wong Wien Yai base
 * By bus: Getting into Thonburi by bus is very complicated, so it's better keep city buses as a last choice. Bus travel is necessary to reach some destinations though, for example, the Taling Chan Floating Market. If heading there, you have to take a bus 79 from Ratchadamnoen Klang Road, which is near Khao San Road.

Administration
This is a list of 7 sub-districts (Kwaeng) in Thonburi.
 * 1) Wat Kanlaya 	(วัดกัลยาณ์)
 * 2) Hiran Ruchi 	(หิรัญรูจี)
 * 3) Bang Yi Ruea  	(บางยี่เรือ)
 * 4) Bukkhalo 	(บุคคโล)
 * 5) Talat Phlu 	(ตลาดพลู)
 * 6) Dao Khanong 	(ดาวคะนอง)
 * 7) Samre 	(สำเหร่)

Temples to visit in Thonburi

 * 1) Wat Arun, the Temple of Dawn
 * 2) Wat Kok Poe Ram
 * 3) Wat Poe
 * 4) Wat Prayoon
 * 5) Wat Rakhang ( Temple of the Bells )
 * 6) Wat Suwannaram
 * 7) Wat Kalayanamit