User:Tony24644/Ch'aska

Chasca Coillur, Chasca Coyllur or simply Chasca (contemporary Quechua spelling: Chasca Quyllur [ 3V ], Stars and Stars  [ 5V ] ) is the goddess of beauty, author of flowers and protector of maidens in Venus, so the Incas named the astro after the goddess.

Etymology
The name Chaska Qoyllur comes from the Quechua and is composed of the words: Ch'aska (star or that/that of curly or curly hair) and Star (star). That name makes reference to the glowing light produced by the celestial body, which resembles some golden curls.

The above coincides with some descriptions given by chroniclers, which establish Chaska as a beautiful goddess with long curly hair.

At present, the term Chaska could be taken as a synonym for the word Coyllur. However, the difference between these lies mainly in the type of astros to which one refers. Chaska is used to determine the dawn star (Venus), while the term Coyllur is used to refer to the fixed and/or static stars in general, which are present in the firmament night Whether these stars are bright or faint.

The cult dedicated to the star preceded the Incas and the figure of the star was venerated by multiple Andean peoples. These towns knew it by various names, some of these were: Aranyak Huarachazca, Huarac, Exquioc, Auquilla, Illariq, etc.  

Concept
Starlink in front of the Pleiades (noirlab2206c).jpg two states of Venus according to the diagram of Santacruz Pachacuti. For the various Andean peoples, the figure of the planet Venus was indispensable for determining agricultural cycles and the dates for numerous important events. Likewise, the figure of the astro was important to include in their respective mythologies.

In some towns in Áncash, the star is known by the name Huarac (from Quechua: sunrise). According to various sources, when putting the huaras (shorts) on the boys who were entering adulthood, the star was invoked and sacrifices were dedicated to its name.

In certain parts of northern Peru, it was known by the name Exquioc (from culle language: resplendent). The star was incarnated in two stars: one that rose at dawn and the other at dusk. The peoples and ethnic groups worshiped it in both forms and they did this so that the star would grant them life.

Regarding the Incas, the sources are variable; since some establish that the planet Venus was worshiped in the form of a single female goddess, others mention the existence of two gods and/or individual entities to embody its two states.

Venus as sole goddess
According to some sources, the Incas resembled the astro as a beautiful celestial woman with extensive wavy hair.

In relation to the above, the famous chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega describes it in his work Royal Commentaries of the Incas. In this work, he states that:

"«They called the star Venus Chasca, which means long and curly hair; They honored her because they said she was a page of the Sun, who walked closer to him, sometimes in front and other times behind."."

- Royal Commentaries of the Incas, Chapter XXI

The chronicler also highlights the knowledge that the Incas had when identifying Venus in its two states: as a morning and evening star. About this, Garcilaso writes:

{{Quote|''«About the star Venus, which they sometimes saw at dusk and other times at dawn, they said that the Sun, as lord of all the stars, commanded that it, because it was more beautiful than all the others, walked close to him, sometimes in front and sometimes behind. When the Sun set, seeing it cross the sea (because in the long run all of Peru has the sea to the west), they said that it entered it, and that with its fire and heat it dried up a large part of the waters of the sea, and who, like a great swimmer, took a dive beneath the earth to emerge another day to the east, implying that the earth is above the water.».|Royal Commentaries of the Incas'', Chapter XXIII} }

Venus as a couple of gods
Despite the above sources, the chronicler Santacruz Pachacuti details that both states of Venus have had similar names but that they would be treated as distinct entities. In its diagram, the planet Venus can be observed in its two states: the first Chasca Coyllur or Achachi Ururi (morning star) and the second Choquechinchay or Apachi Ururi' (evening star).

The chronicler Guamán Poma de Ayala pointed out in his work Nueva corónica y good govern the existence of two gods who personify two planets] ] or [[Astronomical object|celestial bodies that are different and are often mentioned together; However, both divinities are separated by a punctuation mark, which reaffirms the independence of both. According to the same chronicler, these gods were: Chasca Coyllur and Chuqui Ylla. The first was the personification of Venus; while the second possibly personified the planet Mars or to the star Antares.

Representation
The figure of the goddess Chaska is complex, since the descriptions of the chroniclers are different from each other.

One of the most frequent descriptions is that of the chronicler Blas Valera. In his work Relation of the ancient customs of the natives of Pirú, Valera describes the goddess with the following:

{{Quote|''«They said that the Sun was the son of the great Illa Tecce, and that the bodily light he had was the part of the divinity that Illa Tecce had communicated to him, so that he could rule and govern the days, the times, the years and summers, and the kings and kingdoms and lords and other things. The Moon, who was the sister and wife of the Sun, and who had given Illa Tecce part of her divinity, and made her mistress of the sea and the winds, of the queens and princesses, and of the birth of women and queen of the sky. They called the Moon Coya, who is queen. To Aurora, who was goddess of maidens and princesses and author of the flowers of the field, and mistress of the dawn and of the twilights and clouds; and that she cast the dew on the Earth when she shook her hair, and that is how they called her Chasca.

Likewise, said chronicler wrote the fragment of an ancient poem that is part of Inca poetry. In this poem, the figure of Chaska is alluded to, in a not very explicit way. The poem reads the following:

{{Quote|Poem in English: Sumac nutmeg

toralláyquim

your sleep

paquircayan

Hinaman

cunuñunun

Scent strap

camri snow

unuyquita

for munqui

More ñimpiris

chichi wants to

rites too

Payroll

Pachacamac

Viracocha

cai hinápac

will put you

camasunqui.|col2=Poem translated into Latin: The beautiful nymph

your brother

your urn

now it breaks

whose blow

it thunders and shines

And lightning strikes

but you are a nymph

temple lymph

pouring rain

Sometimes

hail or

you send snow

The maker of the world

Pachacamac

Huiracocha

for this task

it is enough for you

and prefect.|col3=Poema traducido al español: Beautiful lady,

here's your brother

He your little song

It's breaking him,

and of this cause

thunders and lightning,

Lightning also strikes.

You, royal maiden,

your very beautiful waters

you will give us rain;

also at times

you have hailed us,

you will snow too

the maker of the world,

the God who encourages you,

the great Viracocha,

for this job

they already placed you

and they gave you a soul.}}

Like the previous description by Valera, Chaska is associated with celestial water; However, the existence of a brother who intervenes with her is also mentioned. This brother is possibly the god Illapa (the lightning). Some scholars maintain that the poem alludes to the goddess Mama Quilla (the Moon), but not to Chaska and that the song was called Paccha.

In relation to this description, Garcilaso de la Vega wrote the following:

{{Quote|''«They say that the Maker placed in heaven a maiden, the daughter of a King, who has a jar full of water, to pour it out when the Earth needs it, and that her brother breaks it at his hands. times, and that the impact causes thunder, lightning and lightning. They say that man causes them, because they are made by fierce men and not by tender women. They say that the hail, rain and snow are made by the maiden, because they are made of more softness and softness and of so much benefit. They say that an Inca poet and astrologer wrote and said the verses, praising the excellences and virtues of the lady, and that God had given them to him so that with them he could do good to the creatures of the Earth. The fable and the verses, Father Blas Valera says that he found in the knots and beads of some ancient annals, which were in threads of different colors, and that the tradition of the verses and the fable was told to him by the Indian accountants, who They were in charge of the knots and historical accounts, and that, amazed that the amautas had achieved so much, he wrote the verses and took them by heart to give an account of them.».|Royal Commentaries of the Incas'', Chapter XXVII}}

The figure of Chaska in the myths
Regarding mythology, the figure of Venus appears implicitly in some Andean myths. Although these myths do not capture the figure of the star in the same way as the goddess Chaska, some characteristics are comparable to those of the goddess.

According to the Huarochirí Manuscript
For some scholars, the goddess Chaska appears in the Huarochirí manuscript under the figure of a beautiful woman and that she manifested herself when a camasca (shaman), in a senseless act of browsing what he found inside, he opened the box that the god Cuniraya gave him so that he could give it to the Inca Huayna Cápac. In this myth, there are notable changes with respect to the god Cuniraya. The most notable change is the fact that Cuniraya is the son of a god superior to him (the same manuscript alludes that Pachacámac would be his father) and that the daughters of the latter are his sisters (the woman inside the box She is one of Cuniraya's sisters).

In previous texts from the same source, there are two sisters: one older and one younger. The largest managed to be reached and, therefore, desecrated by Cuniraya; In this way, Cuniraya consummated his revenge against Pachacámac. It is possible that these sisters have also been personifications of the star.

The above is possible due to the different interpretation perceived by each ayllu.

Returning to the manuscript, it mentions the following:

It is said that, shortly before the appearance of the Huiracochas (Spanish), Cuniraya headed towards Cusco. Once there, the god spoke with the Inca Huayna Capac: "Let's go, son, to Titicaca. There I will tell you about my existence."

Cuniraya also told him: "Inga, give instructions to your men so that we send the witches, all the wise men, to the lands below." Inga did it right away.

Some men claimed to be animated by the condor; others proclaimed themselves to be animated by the falcón; and there was one who claimed to be able to fly through the air in the form of a swallow.

Then, Cuniraya gave them the following instructions: "Go to the lands below; there you will tell my father that his son is sending you to give you one of his sisters."

In this way, the man encouraged by the swallow left with the other camascas or camacsas. Likewise, they were given the order to return in five days.

The swallow's camasca was the first to arrive.

When he communicated the message that had been assigned to him, Cuniraya's father gave him what he had asked for. What was requested was inside a small locker (box). Immediately afterwards, the father told him not to open it before his lord Huayna Capac himself did so.

When he was a short distance from Cusco, that man who had moved the ticket office here, overcome by curiosity, said to himself: "I'm going to see what it can be." And he opened it.

Inside, a woman of elegant clothing and exuberant beauty appeared to him.

His hair was like gold curled; She was dressed in very fine clothing and her size was tiny.

As soon as the man saw her, the woman vanished.

The man, dejected by such an event, arrived at Titicaca, in the Cusco region.

One of those present, possibly Huayna Capac himself, told that man: "If you were not encouraged by the Swallow, at this very moment I would give orders to kill you; go; return to yourself alone." Having said this, the camasca was sent back to the lowlands.

The Camasca returned and obeyed the order. While, on his way back, he brought (the box) and on the way he felt thirst or hunger, he only needed to speak and a table was presented to him spread with everything he asked for. The same thing happened when I needed to sleep. Thus, exactly five days later, said camasca arrived. And both the Inca and Cuniraya received him with great joy.

Before opening it, Cuniraya said: "Inga, let's draw a line here on the ground; I will enter the earth from this side; from that other side you will enter the earth with my sister; you and I will not see each other again." . Saying that he drew a line on the ground.

Then, the Inca opened the box.

That place where they were was immersed in light.

Then, the Inca Huayna Cápac said: “I am not going to return from here; In this very place, I am going to stay with my ñusta, with my coya.” He gave instructions to a man, a member of his aillu, saying: "You go; return to Cusco and say that you are Huayna Cápac in my place."

At that moment, the Inca disappeared with his lady; the god Cuniraya did the same.

And since then, after the one we have called Huayna Capac died, some and others proclaiming the priority of their rights, (they caused the collapse of his lordship).

According to the residents of Ayacucho
In some areas of Ayacucho, there is a legend that associates Huallallo Carhuincho with the Moon. This would not be strange, since some Pre-Inca cultures have established the Moon as a male entity.

The myth mentions a couple of brothers: Chisi Chaska and '''Qella Maqta Qoyllur' Both brothers alongside the Sun would make sure that Huallallo never returned to the Earth because of his sinful [[lust]

The legend tells us the following:

Huallallo (called Qalalu in this legend) was the personification of the Moon. Qalalu was a very young god; His clothing consisted only of a white dog skin to avoid being naked. Likewise, he was always accompanied by his dog, Karwancho.

In early times, humanity felt tired of offering to their gods to obtain light and heat. Heeding the human cry, Qalalu agreed to give light to humanity; However, due to his excessive lust and other misdeeds, he is castrated and banished from the Earth.

Thus it was that Qalalu, like a solitary Moon, was banished. His dog Karwancho accompanied him during his exile.

The Sun and the brothers Chisi Chasca Qoyllur and Quela Maqta Qoyllur (personifications of the star) were responsible for Qalalu never returning to Earth.

Unable to return, Qalalu sends his loyal companion to Earth in order to recover his testicles. Karwancho was a dog who, in addition to being quite cunning, had supernatural abilities.

Once on Earth, as he progressed on his journey, Karwancho deceived various natural phenomena and wild animals, as he promised to reward them in exchange for their agreeing to take shelter. inside his ear. It was suspected that his master's belongings were in the home of a curaca of the Pacoras of Huamanga, to be more precise, among his silver.

Once he reached his destination, the curaca's guards threatened to kill him. The dog, in each adverse situation, brought out every element or creature that remained inside its ear. The dog then swallowed all the silver jewelry and ran away.

Upon meeting his master on the Moon, Karwancho expelled from his mouth many of the silver jewels he devoured, without any sign of the parts of Qalalu.

Qalalu, disappointed, threw the silver jewels to the four winds. It is said that this scattered silver can be seen in the full moon.

The celestial dog must, once again, return to Earth to search for its master's belongings, infinitely. < /ref>

According to the residents of Lake Titicaca
The following myth was recorded by Father Barraza, which was compiled by Father Diego on a special mission to the islands of Titicaca. The myth explains the reason for the name of one of the islands.

The myth takes us back to ancient times and says the following: 9q7qlbMebQKvZBt5icDeeXJy-uYigOgw6tkDQkhWXAd6HdxLFWDRrqkeaKpJOroHdNQU8d7y.pdf?sequence= 1&isAllowed=y|title=Gods, Charms and Gentiles|access date=October 5, 2023|author=Alfredo Narváez Vargas}}

{{Quote|«''They say that the island was called the Sun because he was born on it and from there he rose to the sky and went to fight with another star that was then like the Sun itself and illuminated the entire world and which he managed to defeat, leaving the Sun as the sole lord of heaven and earth and that the defeated Star hid his light and walks at night as if intimidating and shameful and that at dawn he hides for fear of the Sun.