User:Tony24644/Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy

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Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (Khun Noyan Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy Uger-Daa; April 25, 1892 - March 22 1932a) - Tuvinian] ] public and statesman, founder of [[Tannu-Tuva|Tuvinian statehood.

Biography
Born on April 25, 1892, in the town of Ayangaty, situated in present-day Barun-Khemchik kozhuun, Tuva, Russia, Buyan-Badyrgy hailed from the family of herdsman Nomchul Mongush. He was later adopted by Noyon Khemchiksky's uncle, Daa-kozhuun Mongush Khaidyp, also known as Buurul Noyan.

Khaidyp Uger-daa emerged as a prominent figure in Tuva's political history, renowned for his education, aristocracy, and leadership skills. However, his attitude toward Russian settlers shifted significantly after Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, leading to their expulsion. Invited for negotiations by the Siberian Cossacks to Usinsk, Khaidyp claimed to be poisoned for his intractability. Despite his significant stature, he succumbed to illness and was buried with honors near the mouth of the Shemi river.

From a young age, Buyan-Badyrgy displayed sharp intellect, self-esteem, excellent manners, and a knack for reasonable compromises. Fluent in Mongolian, Tibetan, and Russian, he inherited these traits from Khaidyp. Following the death of his adoptive father in 1908, Buyan-Badyrgy assumed the role of clan leader, Daa-noyon, at the age of 16. Despite his youth, he commanded respect among Tuvians, Russians, and Mongols, earning praise for his education.

In 1912, amid the Xinhai Revolution and the weakening of Chinese power, Buyan-Badyrgy aligned with the "Russophiles" and, with his mentor Chamzy-Kamba, appealed to Russian Tsar Nicholas II for patronage. The Tsar's consent, granted on April 4, 1914, established Uryankhay Krai, a Russian protectorate over the Uriankhai region.

Convocation of the Khural and Declaration of Tuva's Independence
Prior to the founding congress, Buyan-Badyrgy convened Khemchik kozhuun rulers to draft a Constitution declaring the sovereignty of Tannu-Tuva. This proposal, along with I. Safyanov's project, gained approval, and Buyan-Badyrgy played a pivotal role in the 1924 triple conference, leading to the recognition of Tuvan independence by the Soviet Union (1924) and Mongolia (1926).

Political Activities and Posts
From 1908, Buyan-Badyrgy served as daa-noyon of Khemchik daa-kozhun. He held key positions in the government of the Republic of Tannu-Tuva, including Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Finance. Under his leadership, several constitutions were developed, and the Tuvan Revolutionary Youth League was established.

Religious and Educational Activities
Buyan-Badyrgy supported Buddhism and actively participated in the All-Tuva Congress of Lamas. He chaired the legislative commission, contributing to laws on marriage and family.

Family
Residing with his family in Dzun-Khemchik kozhuun until 1929, Buyan-Badyrgy adopted a daughter named Dembikey in 1910-1920.

Arrest and Death
Arrested in 1929, Buyan-Badyrgy faced accusations of "counter-revolutionary bandit-robbery" and involvement in the Khemchik uprising, leading to his execution in March 1932. Posthumously rehabilitated in 1994 (fully in 2007), his legacy endures as a significant figure in Tuva's history.

Memory

 * In 2014, on the 100th anniversary of the city Kyzyl, the Buyan-Badyrgy monument was opened, which is located near the museum named after. Aldan-Maadyr (60 heroes).
 * In several populated areas, the street of Buyan-Badyrgy is named after Republic of Tuva.
 * In the city of Chadan Dzun-Khemchik kozhuun of the Republic of Tuva there is a local history museum named after. Buyan-Badyrgy.
 * A hotel named Buyan-Badyrgy operates in Kyzyle.
 * On June 14, 2012, the order “Buyan-Badyrgy” of three degrees was established in the Republic of Tyva.

Literature

 * Nellie Hoz-ool Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy 2004
 * "Mongush Borakhovich Kenin-Lopsana" Buyan-Badyrgy (2000)
 * "Salimaa Khovalyg" Personality in history: Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (1892-1932) 2007
 * Lamazhaa Ch.K. Generational approach to the history of Tuva of the 20th century 2007
 * Sayda Saaya Development of relations between the Soviet Union and Tuva in 1921-1944. 2001
 * The good name of Buyan-Badygra has been restored
 * 117th anniversary of the birth of Mongusha Buyan Badyrgy
 * Participation of Buyan-Badyrgy in establishing relations with Tsarist Russia