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Inducing follicle activation
In vitro follicle activation describes the process by which primordial follicles are deliberately activated. Oocytes from these activated follicles can be used to establish a pregnancy. This has potential for widespread use in restoring fertility in women suffering with fertility issues such as early or medically-induced menopause.

Surgically removing ovaries
Patients are usually treated with synthetic oestrogen and progesterone for at least a month in order to suppress their gonadotrophin levels which has been shown to promote ovulation. A laparoscopic approach is used to remove the ovary. The outer part of the ovary (the cortex) is removed using scissors as this minimises any damage to the sensitive inner ovarian tissue. This tissue is then analysed to assess the presence of existing follicles before further manipulation.

Artificial ovaries
Artificial ovaries can be used to provide follicles for artificial activation. Follicles from these synthetic ovaries have been shown to support successful pregnancies in mouse models and show promise for potential for future treatments in humans.