User:TorontoRehabInstitute/sandbox

= The Kite Research Institute = The Kite Research Institute is the research arm of the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute and one of the principal research institutes at the University Health Network, Canada's top research hospital with more than $350-million in total annual research expenditures. The Kite Research Institute is a world leader in complex rehabilitation science and is dedicated to improving the lives of people living with the effects of disability, illness and aging. KITE is short for Knowledge, Innovation, Talent, Everywhere. KITE’s areas of research focus include injury prevention, restoration of function following injury or illness, enhanced participation and independent living. Researchers are actively engaged in developing new treatments, devices and products as well as gathering evidence that guides changes to policy and public opinion that improve the lives of people living with the effects of disability, illness and aging.

Researchers at KITE are organized in 11 teams:


 * Acquired Brain Injury & Society
 * Artificial Intelligence & Robotics for Rehabilitation (AI&RR)
 * Brain Discovery & Recovery
 * Cardiorespiratory Fitness
 * Communication
 * Home, Community & Institutional Environments (HC&IE)
 * Mobility
 * Neural Engineering & Therapeutics (NET)
 * Optimization of the Rehab System
 * Sleep Science
 * Swallowing Science

DriverLab
DriverLab is a state-of-the-art driving simulator that is integrated into The Kite Research Institute's existing world class Challenging Environment Assessment Laboratory (CEAL). CEAL features a large 6 degree-of-freedom motion base upon which iDAPT DriverLab can be mounted. iDAPT DriverLab is the only simulator of its kind in Canada and is comparable to the most sophisticated driving simulators in the world. The coming together of this one-of-a-kind technology within Toronto Rehab, a scientific hub specialized in the integration of clinical, engineering, and industrial sectors, will place Canada as a global leader in driving research. Indeed, the World Health Organization has declared 2011-2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety, making the launch of this research program particularly timely, visible, and impactful.

iDAPT DriverLab contains a full-sized passenger vehicle, mounted on a turntable. The vehicle maintains its original internal components (e.g., steering wheel, gas/brake pedals, seats, dashboards), but also contains customizable interfaces and sophisticated measurement tools, such as an eye-tracking system. The display includes a curved dome surrounding the entire car, high resolution stereoscopic projectors, and calibration hardware and software to create a seamless 360 degree field-of-view immersive experience. High level software allows for the creation of various driving scenarios, including urban, suburban, rural, and freeway environments under various lighting and weather conditions, with the ability to vary pedestrian and vehicle traffic and initiate unexpected obstacles and events. A surround sound system accurately reproduces tire rumble, wind roar, traffic, and engine sounds. One-of-a-kind features include a rain simulator that produces real water droplets of variable intensities on the windshield and a robotic glare simulator that recreates the harsh glare of oncoming headlights at night. Several high performance computers are used to render the virtual scenery, run the simulations, manage and synchronize the behavioural measurement devices, and record data.

StairLab
StairLab can be outfitted with several different environmental features, including a fully instrumented staircase. The stair treads are interchangeable to test different surfaces, e.g. materials, markings, colour, etc. Force plates are embedded into the steps and load cells are built into the handrails, thus allowing for the measurement of ground forces and hand forces, respectively.

StairLab allows scientists to study and precisely measure the movement and body mechanics of walking up and down stairs. This will help lead scientists to understand why and how people fall on stairs — a leading cause of injury and hospitalization particularly among seniors - and how falls can be prevented, from the development of better stair designs and handrails, to new mobility devices. An emphasis is being placed on developing evidence for improved building codes and construction standards to increase safety and usability of stairs.

StairLab will also be used to help researchers understand stair behaviour under normal circumstances and during a fall. Understanding stair behaviour allows researchers to develop personalized rehabilitation programs for people at risk of falling and general guidelines for the public.

StreetLab
StreetLab allows scientists to study participants as they safely navigate through simulated, 3D streetscapes as a novel way to test mobility devices, hearing aids and other technologies to help people live safely and independently.

With a high resolution, 240° horizontal, by +15° to -90° vertical field-of-view projection system, a curved projection screen that extends from floor to ceiling, a realistic audio soundscape and sensations like bumpy sidewalks or vibrations from a passing streetcar, StreetLab provides a multi-sensory, full-immersion experience. This visual system and a high-quality surround sound system can be coupled with various movement interfaces including a linear treadmill and manual and powered wheelchairs.

And unlike a regular lab, StreetLab allows scientists to present people with realistic scenarios while manipulating certain aspects of the environment. For instance, traffic signals, ‘intelligent’ vehicles and streams of virtual pedestrians can be adjusted to interact with the research participant.

The Research: StreetLab will be used to study the link between hearing loss and falls so that better hearing aids - ones that work more effectively on a busy street with competing noise - can be developed. The lab will also be used to better understand how people with head injuries and dementia, for instance, use cues to navigate at busy intersections.

WinterLab
WinterLab can recreate typical Canadian winter conditions - sub-zero temperatures, snow and ice covered surfaces, and winds up to 30 km/hour - within the safety of a controlled laboratory setting. Scientists can study winter slips and falls, and the extremes of cold air and wind, without exposing study participants to the risks these conditions pose in the real world.

To add another dimension to this research, the lab’s motion platform can be tilted to create slopes, or can be moved suddenly to safely upset a subject’s balance, providing scientists an opportunity to test how people and devices respond to such circumstances.

How? Monitored by a motion capture system, study participants are strapped into a body harness connected to an overhead robot that will move with them as they go about their tasks. A pulley mechanism, like a seatbelt, tightens immediately, but gently, to prevent injury in the event of a fall.

The Research: WinterLab will be used for myriad projects, including the development and testing of new winter clothing and footwear and improvements to mobility aids, such as wheelchairs and walkers, so that they perform better on inclined and winter icy and snow-covered surfaces.

CareLab
CareLab offers a simulated environment where new nursing devices can be developed and studied in a realistic hospital-room setting. The lab consists of a typical patient care room, complete with ensuite bathroom.

Using CareLab, teams are developing products to reduce the transmission of hospital-acquired infections. Researchers have developed a hand hygiene prompting system - made up of alcohol gel dispensers, ceiling-mounted tracking beacons and a small wearable wireless receiver - that is designed to monitor and modify hospital workers’ hand hygiene behaviour. Caregivers are prompted if they forget to disinfect their hands before or after entering a patient’s room or before or after performing a procedure on a patient.

Revolutionary products in advanced stages of development and testing include a robotic aid to help nurses lift and move even very heavy patients and a device that inserts lifting straps under even the heaviest patient, with no effort. Other research includes an easy-to-fasten safety pole to help people in and out of their hospital bed. The D-shaped device attaches to and sticks out from the wall and can easily be removed and reinstalled from one side of the bed to the other side or used by patients in other beds.

This lab is located at Toronto Rehab’s University Centre at 550 University Avenue, Toronto.

ClimateLab
You never know what season it will be in this lab. The temperature and humidity can be changed to replicate a range of environmental conditions from frozen winter (-20°C) to stifling summer (+35°C) and up to 95% RH (relative humidity).

Investigators are using the lab to develop and test state-of-the-art winter clothing and footwear that is safe and user-friendly for older people and those with disabilities. Studies are also being carried out to design winter footwear that can prevent slips and falls in winter. The lab is also used to examine how the body responds to heat and cold, and to develop exercise programs for people with health conditions such as heart disease and asthma. Assistive technology and accessible environment designs are also enhanced here to suit Canadian climates.

ClimateLab is located at Toronto Rehab’s University Centre at 550 University Avenue, Toronto.

FallsLab
FallsLab is a 2-degree-of-freedom motion platform used to study stability and balance control during gait and stance. The 6x3m moving platform can accommodate up to 8 large force plates and is surrounded by a motion capture system and high speed video recording. The moving surface is mounted on two sets of motors which can translate the platform horizontally in any pattern and in any direction comprised of combinations of different X and Y motions.

The platform is capable of high accelerations and velocities, up to 10m/s2 and 2m/s respectively, with total displacements of over 2m in both directions in the horizontal plane. Extensions can be added to the platform, increasing its size to 7x3m. The platform movements can be programmed to be random or can be triggered by an event. By accelerating quickly in an unexpected direction, at an unexpected time, FallsLab can create “balance perturbations” that simulate a slip, trip or stumble.

An instrumented safety harness gantry prevents the occupant from truly falling should a loss of balance occur. This specialized equipment allows balance disturbances to be applied in a well-controlled and safe manner to give insight into the development and maintenance of reactive balance reactions. FallsLab is located at Toronto Rehab’s University Centre at 550 University Avenue, Toronto.

HomeLab
HomeLab is a ‘home within a lab’ where researchers can invent and test new products to help older people and those with disabilities stay at home longer and more safely. The lab resembles a typical single-storey dwelling with functional plumbing and wiring. Study subjects can occupy the living space and test innovations in a real-life setting, while researchers can observe all studies from an overhead catwalk.

The Research: Researchers are now developing intelligent home systems that can help older adults and people with disabilities stay safely in their homes and improve their independence and quality of life. These systems will provide automated reminders for daily tasks, respond to emergency situations and provide cognitive and social support. Future research will expand these systems to be able to detect changes in a person’s health and provide warnings before the person’s situation deteriorates.

The long-term vision is to incorporate all of these technologies into the home itself through the development of intelligent “bricks” that are embedded within common building material such as walls, ceilings, and flooring tiles.

Other researchers are developing advanced technologies to help caregivers manage common stressful, physically demanding tasks involved in caring for someone at home, such as lifting, bathing and toileting. These products will be affordable, practical and easy to install without requiring modification or renovation of the home.

SleepdB
SleepdB is a sound-proof laboratory has been developed to examine sleep-disordered breathing at Toronto Rehab. Leveraging novel and non-invasive acoustic monitoring technologies, SleepdB is the first laboratory in the world dedicated to understanding the intricate interplay between sleep, body fluid shifts and respiratory disease. The facility will also develop novel technologies for the long-term monitoring of physiological signals during sleep, with the ultimate goal to improve disease management and prevent exacerbation and hospitalization.

The lab comprises the following major groups of equipment:


 * an acoustical chamber large enough to contain a bed and monitoring equipment
 * sleep assessment devices including polysomnography
 * respiratory function assessment equipment such as a specially-configured forced oscillation technique device to measure airway resistance
 * ultrasound imaging with elastography to visualize cardiopulmonary function and tissue stiffness
 * a fluid measurement and data acquisition module to integrate and synchronize all of the measurements highlighted above.

This combination of infrastructure is entirely unique to SleepdB and will complement existing clinical laboratories to assess sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases at TRI.

Movement Evaluation Lab
The Movement Evaluation Lab allows researchers to develop and evaluate new diagnostic techniques and therapies aimed at improving the control of movement and mobility. These include treatments that focus on improving the health of the brain, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal systems in order to maximize the capacity for independent and safe mobility. This lab is situated within the hospital’s stroke rehabilitation unit.

Specialized equipment includes motion tracking devices, force plates and pressure mats. Detailed measurements are made of the nervous system (electroencephalography, peripheral stimulation), musculoskeletal system (electromyography) and cardiorespiratory system (metabolic cart, electrocardiography, blood pressure). Training equipment for ongoing trials includes treadmills with body-weight support and specialized ergometers.