User:Translatenadine/How sound propagates

Sound travels from one place to another, however, it requires a material medium to propagate, like air, water or wood.

Sound can not travel in void, because there is no material medium. In the air sound travels at 343 meters per second. The spread of the sound in the fluids, takes form in pressure fluctuations.

In solid bodies, travelling sound implicates variations in the tensor field of the medium.

Sound propagation involves the transport of energy without the transport of matter, in the form of mechanical waves that propagate through solid, liquid or gaseous matter. The vibrations occur in the same direction in which the sound propagates, known as a longitudinal wave, which is transmitted in a straight line, from the point of origin.

Physical phenomena that affect the propagation of sound

 * Transmission
 * The speed with which the sound is transmitted depends, mainly, on the elasticity of the medium, that is, on its ability to recover its initial shape. Steel is a very elastic medium, in contrast to modeling clay, which is not. Other influencing factors are temperature and density.


 * Absorption
 * The sound absorption capacity of a material is the relationship between the energy it absorbs and the energy that is reflected when the sound hits it.
 * Its value varies between 0 (all energy is reflected) and 1 (all energy is absorbed).


 * Reflection
 * Phenomenon by which a wave is reflected in a non-absorbent or partially sound-absorbing material.
 * The echo is produced when this sound is altered by a constant that results in a sound that is reflected in a denser medium and reaches the ear of a person with a time difference equal to or greater than 0.1 seconds, with respect to the sound. that you receive directly from the sound source.


 * Refraction
 * When a sound passes from one medium to another, refraction occurs.The deviation of the wave is related to the speed of propagation in the medium.
 * Sound propagates faster in hot air than in cold air, because with increasing temperature, the speed of the molecules in the medium increases, causing an increase in the speed of wave propagation.

Diffraction or dispersion


 * If the sound encounters an obstacle in its propagation direction, the diffraction phenomenon occurs at the edge of the obstacle, whereby a small part of the sound undergoes a change in direction and can continue to propagate.


 * Diffusion
 * Sound spreads from one place to another, but it always does so through a material medium, such as air, water, and wood. In a vacuum, sound cannot propagate, because there is no material medium. In air sound travels at a speed of 340 meters per second. It is very fast.

Speed ​​of sound
The speed of propagation of the sound wave (speed of sound) depends on the characteristics of the medium in which said propagation is transmitted; pressure, temperature, density, humidity. In general, the speed of sound is greater in solids than in liquids, and in liquids greater than in gases, given the density of the particles that allows a greater energy exchange when they are closer.


 * The speed of sound in air (at a temperature of 20ºC) is 343 m/s. The equation created by Newton following a modification by Laplace that allows to obtain the speed of sound in the air taking into account the temperature variable is "331+ (0.6 x Temperature)".
 * The speed of sound in water (at 35 °C) is 1493 m/s, and at (22 °C) it is 1505 m/s.
 * The speed of sound in wood is 3990 m/s.
 * The speed of sound in concrete is 4000 m/s.
 * The speed of sound in aluminium is 5090 m/s.
 * The speed of sound in glass is 5190 m/s.
 * The speed of sound in steel is 6099 m/s.