User:Trash peasant/sandbox

Intro:

"The... and Iran." This case concerned the nationalization of Iran's oil which had been, in large part, controlled by the United Kingdom since the early 20th century.

Background:

'''The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (formerly the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and currently BP) had been drilling for oil in Iran since 1913. In 1908, a British venture capitalist discovered oil in southern Iran. Throughout the early 20th century, the ruling Pahlavi government made various concessions with the British that gave the UK control over certain elements in the Iranian economy. The 1901 D'Arcy Concession being the earliest of these oil concessions. In 1933, another concession was made which extended the terms of the D'Arcy Concession by 32 years, from 1961 until 1993 and altered how revenue was allocated. The concession would later stoke discontent within Iran. When Mohammad Mossadeq became Iran's prime minister in 1951, his National Front party sought to nationalize Iran's oil industry and succeeded in doing so. This then led to the case of United Kingdom v. Iran being taken up by the ICJ.'''

Aftermath:

'''The outcome of this case may have left the UK with little legal recourse to reclaim control of Iran's oil fields. The United States and UK then began an oil boycott against Iran as a means of isolating it economically. Following this, the UK's intelligence service, MI6 requested assistance from the United States' newly-formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to overthrow Mossadeq. What followed was a series of disruptions and eventually Mossadeq was overthrown in a coup in August of 1953. Mohammad Reza Shah returned to Iran and solidified his authority backed by the U.S.'''