User:Traumfraubrighton/Sandbox/Enel Green Power

History
Enel Green Power was founded on the 1st of December 2008 to concentrate all of Enel’s activities in the production of renewable energy. At the time of its establishment, Enel Green Power was the largest European company in the field of renewable energy both in terms of installed capacity and international presence. Following its foundation, the activities of the renewable energy branch which were until then held by Enel Produzione SpA in Italy, and those belonging to Enel Investment Holding abroad (Enel Latin America BV, Erelis Enel, Endesa), have been gradually transferred to Enel Green Power. In November 2010, following Enel’s acquisition of Endesa (June 2009), the company made an initial public offering of 30.8% of Enel Green Power in the Italian Stock Exchange and the Bolsa de Madrid, earning the company 2.6 billions of Euros. In Italy and Spain, The IPO of Enel Green Power was handled by PricewaterhouseCoopers and involved about 340 thousand investors, generating a demand of about 1,260 million shares (of which 520 million subscribed of institutional investors). The company is listed on the stock markets of Milan and Madrid and on the regional stock exchanges of Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia.

Operations
Enel Green Power is engaged in the production of electricity from renewable sources at a global level: in March 2015, with 735 active power plants, it is present in 4 continents (Europe, North America, South America, Africa). In every country the activity is managed through a national division. The production mix includes geothermal energy, hydropower], solar energy, biomass, and wind power, with a total production capacity of 9,789 MW. .

Electricity Production
Wind power was the highest percentage in the breakdown of production for 2014. A total 5,860 MW of wind power is produced yearly, just under 60% of the total energy produced globally by Enel Green Power. Hydropower generated 2,624 MW (26.8% of the total); geothermal energy 833 MW (8.5% of the total); solar power 433 MW (4.4% of the total); and energy from biomass 39 MW (0.4% of the total).

The hydropower production is concentrated mainly in Europe, where in 2014 Enel Green Power produced 60% of its hydropower.

In 2014 Europe also produced the highest percentage of photovoltaic power (60% of which came from Enel Green Power’s solar energy production) and geothermal power (91.5%). The entire European production of the latter is located in Italy.

Electricity production
More than half of the plants of Enel Green Power are located in Italy, for a net installed total capacity of about 2,830 MW. The different production plants include geothermal, hydroelectric, wind and solar, the development of the latter has had a major boost in 2011.

Enel Green Power has 34 plants located in Tuscany - with a total capacity of 728 MW - which produce a total of 5 billion kWh per year. For solar energy Enel Green Power uses the ‘’Enel Green Power Retail’’ franchising model. In addition, a thin film solar panels factory was inaugurated in 2011 in Catania, through a joint venture with Sharp Corporation and STMicroelectronics (3Sun Ltd.). The production of sufficient electricity generated from solar energy is guaranteed by a 67 MW total supply that has been installed in 2011 (data collected at the end of September).

Geothermal
Enel Green Power runs 34 geothermal power plants in Tuscany, with a total capacity of about 875.5 MW, that are able meet more than 26% of the regional consumption. Amongst those, the plant of Larderello, built in 1904, is currently one of the of the largest in the world.

In the United States Enel Green Power operates three power plants, one of which is a solar-geothermal hybrid. Two of them are located in Churchill County, Nevada, and one is near Cove Fort, Utah.

In Turkey, where the company has been in partnership with Uzun since 2011, it leads surveys to identify areas for the production of geothermal energy.

Geothermal-Biomass Hybrid
Enel Green Power is currently working on the construction of Cornia 2, in Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa (Tuscany). Cornia 2 is the world's first geothermal-biomass hybrid plant, where the biomass, which comes from agriculture and related activities within 70 km from the plant itself, contribute to heat the geothermal steam up to over double its usual temperature (from 150-160 °C to 370-380 °C), thus increasing the electricity production capacity by 5 MW on top of the current 13 MW.

Solar-Geothermal Hybrid
Enel Green Power has designed and built the first solar-geothermal hybrid plant, that combines the two sources of energy thus increasing the electricity production capacity. The first power plant of this kind, Stillwater Geothermal/Solar Power Plant, is located in Fallon, Nevada (USA), and has received $40 million in tax relief under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

In the first half of 2014 work began to integrate a solar thermal power plant to the structure, which will add an additional capacity of 17 MW to the current net capacity of 33 MW.

In the second half of 2014, Enel Green Power has partnered with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), under the supervision of the US Department of Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), via a cooperative research and development agreement, in order to use the data of the Stillwater plant to further develop the technology.

Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal
Enel Green Power also owns Enel.si, a company that operates in the photovoltaic sector with a market share of about 15% in the Italian market. Enel.si is also active on the solar thermal market where it operates directly and through a franchising network of 400 installers.

Solar Thermal and CSP (Concentrated solar power)
The company also operates in the solar thermal and CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) participating in research and development activities along with ENEA. Based on the studies of Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, in 2010 Enel Green Power built the Archimede solar power plant in Priolo Gargallo, (Syracuse, Sicily) that has a total capacity of 5 MW. In the plant, parabolic mirrors focus the sun’s heat on a fluid of molten salts that reaches temperatures of over 500 °C/932 °F and is able to retain heat for several hours, turning water into steam that then activates the traditional steam turbines system to produce electricity. The objective is to increase the efficiency of this type of plants so as to make them competitive compared to other sources.

Hydropower
In Panama, the company runs the plants of Fortuna, in Chiriquí, which produces 300 MW and covers about 25% of the entire national production of electricity. The plant is located in the Fortuna Forest Reserve.

Wind Power
Enel Green Power’s experience with wind power dates back to 1984, when Enel built the first Italian wind farm in Sardinia. In October 2008, in Kansas, US, the plant of Smoky Hills, with a capacity of 250 MW, came into service, while in January 2008 in Snyder, Texas, Enel Green Power completed the installation of 21 3 MW wind turbines.

Wind-solar hybrid and cogeneration
In 2014, in Ollagüe, Chile, Enel Green Power began the construction of a mini hybrid solar-wind cogeneration plant for the production of both electricity and hot water, which runs independently from the national electricity system and is able to meet the average need of 150 families with an average capacity of 232 kW.

Marine energy
At the end of 2014 Enel Green Power and DCNS were appointed by CORFO (Corporación de Fomento de la Producción) in Chile to research and develop new technologies for the use of marine energy. The Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC) was built to carry out the assignment.