User:TriMinhHuynh/Media and American adolescent sexuality

Epidemiology studies on the exposure of pornography on American adolescents:
Individuals who are already at risk of being attracted to sexual aggression are more likely to be influenced by pornographic exposure. This in turn explains that these individuals are more likely to believe in the various unusual sexual behaviors as common causing negative effects towards sexual experiences. However, it is important that once these negative attitudes have been formed, it was not easily reversed by education.

Adolescent exposure to pornography is divided into two different sections: unintentional exposure and intentional exposure. The unintentional exposure rate for U.S. adolescents was found to be from 19% to 32% from 2007-2013. Intentional pornography adolescent viewers from 10 to 17 years old take up 34% of the population at this age range. In 2012, in a study among 1000 adolescents, 66% of males and 39% of females have reported that they have been exposed to pornography. Between the 3rd and 10th grades, more than 90% of children will be exposed to pornography. Psychiatrist Jerald says access, affordability, and anonymity have made online sexual activity "extraordinarily common" among all ages, including adolescents. Older youth are more likely than younger youth to seek porn.

Accessibility to pornography for adolescents:
With the development of technology, even with the help of parental control, teenagers still can find their ways to get access to the "blocked content". The most common ways are: exploiting the use of the Internet of thing (IoT) to connect to different devices; stealing their parent passwords, hacking the router, factory reset their devices, using Virtual Private Network (VPN), bypassing filter servers using different domain name service (DNS), etc. Adolescents who have their devices surveillance by parental control often feel that their privacy has been invaded by their parents. However, the level of information secrecy is inverted proportional to the privacy invasion behavior followed by the Simpson's paradox. The relationship conflict between parents who apply parental control with no clear set rules is found.

a. Early sexual engagement:
Exposure to sexual media can be a predictor of early sex engagement which includes unsafe sex practice and having multiple sex partners. The likelihood of sexual engagement in adolescents correlates to the number of times they have been exposed to sexual media content.

b. Sexual aggression:
Sexual fetishism is a very common category in porn. The number of porn fetish clips has been increasing every year. In 2014, the estimation of fetish clips reached 80,000 clips per month. Adolescents who encounter this type of video likely to develop sexual aggression in later life. The aggression root is from the fantasies that are shown in pornography. Intense exposure to this type of pornography can cause an extreme violation in men. On the other hand, watchers find that fetish porn becomes less offensive the more they expose to it. 87% of women who suffered from sexual violation reported that their male partners have watched porn material that is related to violent sexual acts, rape, and physical forceful sex. Other findings also show that 61% of serial killers are pornography collectors. Another study shows that pornography consumption and sexual fantasy deviant which cause sadism leads to the likelihood that individuals will commit a sexual offense.

c. Behaviors and attitudes alternation:
In 2018, a study was done by Taylor Kohut to experiment on the wellness of adolescents who have exposed to pornography. Female adolescents who have been exposed to pornography in the result were found with dysregulated mood and self-evaluation. Disclosure of pornography at an early age also affects the relationship in adulthood life. One of the behaviors that are established from watching porn is known as undisclosed behavior. The behavior relates to keeping secrets away from the other half. As a result, studies have shown that the relationship satisfaction between both partners will be decreased. Results can lead to tension and distress in both partners.

d. Conceptualized distortion:
Watching pornography creates a virtual image of body ideals, sexual relationship behavior. Fictions in pornography can distort reality which can cause body shaming and sexual dissatisfaction. Researches also show that men who watch are less satisfied with their sexual life. The decrement of pornography consumption can help individual increases their self-confidence. Body shaming affects men and women differently after being reinforced by the pornography standard. Males consider their sexual performance and female consider their body image to match the performance. Due to the fact that adolescents have less experience with their partners, they are more likely to be distorted by the pornographic image of human sexuality. In intense cases, it can develop into sexual aggression.

e. Addiction to pornography:
Individuals who watch porn at the early age tend to more porn in their adulthood life. Porn addiction is found to have a similar trait as drug addiction. Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) shows the same activities in a person's brain when pornography is displayed. The report shows a higher level of desire in watching pornography which leads to addiction by the incentive motivation.

Methods that are currently used to treat pornography addition includes: group theory, hypnosis, alternative habit switching, and medication in the extreme cases. The therapies methods are involving the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to treat distress symptoms, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Couples Counseling which includes the help of the other partner in the relationship.

a. Physical benefits:
Studies show that porn withdrawing can help with the increment of energy level, more muscle growths, increase the level of concentration, increases stamina on physical performance, increase sperms quality in males, and repair/ reduce erectile dysfunction.

b. Psychological benefits:
With pornography abstinences, the members of the no masturbation community report their quality of lives has been improved not only physically but also mentally. They are happier with their lives, have a huge confidence level power increments, have more motivation, report of stress reduction, are more acceptable and be more respectful to the opposite gender.