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=William Joseph Mackey=

William Joseph Mackey, S.J. (August 19, 1915 – October 18, 1995) was a Canadian Catholic priest and Jesuit educator.

Early life
William Joseph Mackey was born on August 19, 1915 in Montreal, Canada to Kitty Murphy, an Irish Catholic, and Herbert Mackey, a Protestant of Irish descent. Mackey received a Catholic primary education and successfully applied for scholarship at Loyola College, which included a high school. He was accepted into the Society of Jesus shortly after graduating from high school and joined the St. Stanislaus Novitiate in Guelph, Ontario on 14 August 1932.

Mackey was ordained a priest on 15 August 1945 by Archbishop Joseph Charbonneau in the Immaculate Conception Church. He pronounced his final vows on 15 August 1949.

Mackey died on 18 October 1995, in a hospital in Thimphu, due to an infected gum which lead to blood poisoning.

Background
At the base of the lower ranges of the Bhutan hills there is a narrow strip of country, from ten to twenty miles in breadth, and extending from the Dhunseeree River, in Assam, on the east, to the River Teesta, or frontier of the Darjeeling district, on the west. This tract, which is by nature singularly rich and fertile, was known as the Bhutan Duars, or Passes. Eighteen passes entered it from the hills, each under the authority of a Jongpen, and attached to each jurisdiction was the portion of the tract lying below the pass, and bearing its name. Thus the whole locality came to be known as the Athara Duars, or Eighteen Passes. Of these Duars, eleven were situated between the Teesta and the Monass. The other seven were on the frontier of the Darrang (Goalpara) and Kamrup districts of Assam, and were generally called the Assam Duars, those bordering on the Bengal frontier being called the Bengal Duars. The Bhutanese had managed to wrest the Bengal Duars from the Mohammedan rulers of the country, probably soon after the foundation of the present Bhutan State. They never obtained absolute possession of the Assam Duars, but by their outrages and incursions they succeeded in forcing the Assam princes to purchase