User:Tting/Art History - Renaissance

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Renaissance is a word come from France “Rinascimento” means “rebirth” or “reborn”. And represent a Greek and Rome culture rebirth from 14-17 centuries and make a era of broad culture achievement as a result of renewed interested in the classical art and ideas of Ancient Greek and Rome. Main idea of Renaissance is Humanism; through the study of intellectual and artistic treasure of Greek and Rome antiquity. Also in Renaissance revived ancient forms and content, subject from Rome history and mythology.

Culture conditions in Florence
At that time, growing no. of serfs living as freedmen, the formation of nation –states with monarchies interested in increase in agricultural productivity due to improving forming technology and methods. And the role play by the Medici family in patronzing and stimulating the arts.

Humanism
Humanism is theme of Renaissance's. This is intellectual movement beginning in Florence in the last decades of 14th. At first, teaching Latin literature. On the 15th studia humanitarian, grammar, historicity, moral philosophy portray. This is the decline of feudalism opened way for cultural, social, economic changes associated with Renaissance.

Architects
Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries. These kind of architecture are full of Greek and Rome element. symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts as The Renaissance style places emphasis on, they are demonstrated in the architecture of Classical antiquity and in particular, the architecture of Ancient Rome and material culture. The use of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes, niches and orderly arrangements of columns, pilasters and lintels, replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of medieval buildings.

Characteristic of Architects
The plans of Renaissance buildings have a square, symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually based on a module. Within a church the module is often the width of an aisle. The need to integrate the design of the plan with the façade was introduced as an issue in the work of Filippo Brunelleschi, but he was never able to carry this aspect of his work into fruition. The first building to demonstrate this was St. Andrea in Mantua by Alberti. The development of the plan in secular architecture was to take place in the 16th century and culminated with the work of Palladio.

Façades are symmetrical around their vertical axis. Church facades are generally surmounted by a pediment and organized by a system of pilasters, arches and entablatures. The columns and windows show a progression towards the center. Columns and Pilasters

The Roman orders of columns are used:- Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite. The orders can either be structural, supporting an arcade or architrave, or purely decorative, set against a wall in the form of pilasters. During the Renaissance, architects aimed to use columns, pilasters, and entablatures as an integrated system. One of the first buildings to use pilasters as an integrated system was in the Old Sacristy (1421–1440) by Brunelleschi.

Arches are semi-circular or (in the Mannerist style) segmental. Arches are often used in arcades, supported on piers or columns with capitals. There may be a section of entablature between the capital and the springing of the arch. Alberti was one of the first to use the arch on a monumental scale at the St. Andrea in Mantua. Vaults

Vaults do not have ribs. They are semi-circular or segmental and on a square plan, unlike the Gothic vault which is frequently rectangular. The barrel vault, is returned to architectural vocabulary as at the St. Andrea in Mantua. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) Leon Battistar Albertli (1404-1472) 

Art
In early Renaissance, one of the famous artistic is Sandro Bottivelli(1445-1510).he is work for Medici and always paint Modonna.

< Modnna and Child with an angel>  < the temptation of Christ>

Art
Michaelangelo  at first is made by Dontello This sculptor the proportion is not perfect right. The head an upper body are somewhat larger than proportion of lower body hands. < Pieta> structures pyramidal and the vertex coincide with Mary’s head. The statue widen pragnessively down the drapery of the Virgin’s dress, to the bass, the vocab of Golgotha. Much of the body is concealed by her non-metal.

Leonardo da Vinci Painting  Painting 

Rapheal Snzio Painting < the School of Athens>

Titian Painting  This is great fresco, dynamic three-tier composition and gorgeous, color scheme established him as the pre-eminent painter north of Rome.

Architecture
Rapheal Sanzio < The palazzo Aguila> Destroyed now

Michaelangelo  systematizes the irregular site with an egg-shaped oval paving pattern

Northern Renaissance
Because of the inability of the church to help with the devastating Black Death and rise of many secular institutions and beliefs, Humanism rise up. With rise of the Humanism, more Renaissance Art, Music, Science to develop.Artistic expression which was banned by church were now tolerated or even encouraged. The technology is developing in Northern Renaissance. Printing press is come out so increase the Bible.Because of the printing press, mass- produce printed material dramatically affected the course of the Renaissance in Northern Europe. Also the authors to write in local vanacular rather than classical language of Greek and Latin.

Art
Jan Van Eyck

 The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini, commonly called the Arnolfini Wedding, is van Eyck's most famous work. The subject is obvious, given the pose of the couple. It may, however, be confusing to the modern viewer that he chose to portray them in their bed chamber, instead of in a church. Here, it is necessary to keep in mind that everything portrayed in this picture has symbolic meaning. The fact that the woman appears to be pregnant is symbolic of the holy purpose of their matrimony of bringing children into the world. This also explains the choice of the color of her dress (green representing fertility), and the fact that she is pulling her dress up in the front (signifying that she is willing to bear children). Other specifically symbolic imagery includes the dog who stands between them (fidelity to each other; loyalty to God), the sandals which have been removed (signifying that they are standing on holy ground), and the single candle in the candelabra (the presence of Christ in their union). A detail of the back wall reveals a convex mirror which reflects their backs and two other persons (probably the priest and the artist). A signature above which says "Jan van Eyck was here" testifies to the artist's presence during the ceremony, and it is possible that the purpose of the painting is partly a matter of documenting the legality of their matrimony

Hieronymus Bosh

This triptych depicts paradise with Adam and Eve and many wondrous animals on the left panel, the earthly delights with numerous nude figures and tremendous fruit and birds on the middle panel, and hell with depictions of fantastic punishments of the various types of sinners on the right panel. When the exterior panels are closed the viewer can see, painted in grisaille, God creating the Earth. These paintings have a rough surface from the application of paint; this contrasts with the traditional Flemish style of paintings, where the smooth surface attempts to hide the fact that the painting is man-made.