User:Tundraski/sandbox8

Canada
All cities refer to population centres unless explicitly stated otherwise

Into 5 equal areas
?

Into 2 equal areas

 * 2021

Election results timeline
Make +/- chart of party strength

Party

 * fix earlier BCliberal which is yellow

Saskatchewan minors elected
Not incl Progressive since they won a handful

Important First Ministers

 * Canada
 * 1. Sir John A. Macdonald (1867, 1+6) – made "old" Canada
 * 7. Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1896, 4) – settled "old" Canada
 * 8. Sir Robert Borden (1911, 2) – World War I
 * 10. William Lyon Mackenzie King (1921, 6) – Depression, World War II
 * 12. Louis St. Laurent (1948, 1+2) – postwar growth
 * 13. John Diefenbaker (1957, 3) – increased civil rights
 * 14. Lester B. Pearson (1963, 2) – healthcare, etc.
 * 15. Pierre Trudeau (1968, 1+4) – made "new" Canada
 * 18. Brian Mulroney (1984, 2) – neoconservative
 * 20. Jean Chrétien (1993, 3) – neoliberal, 9/11
 * 22. Stephen Harper (2006, 3) – 2008 financial crisis
 * 23. Justin Trudeau (2015, 2) – progressive, COVID-19

Historical timeline
Legend


 * – Confederation
 * – environment
 * – Indigenous
 * – labour
 * – Quebec
 * – Western Canada

Timeline

People
 * MACDONALD I (1867)
 * 1867 –  BNA Act creates Dominion of Canada  from Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia
 * X 1869 –  Red River Rebellion begins (until 1870)
 * 1870 –  Rupert’s Land and NWT transferred to Canada as NT
 * 1870 –   MB is created
 * 1871 – BC joins Canada (created from VI and BC)
 * 1871 –  signing of numbered treaties begin (until 1921) between Crown and various First Nations
 * X 1872 – Dominion Lands Act
 * 1873 – NWMP created
 * 1873 – PE joins Canada
 * MACKENZIE (1873)
 * X 1876 – Indian Act
 * MACDONALD II (1878)
 * 1880 – Arctic islands transferred to Canada into NT
 * 1885 –  North-West Rebellion sees Riel and supporters declare a provisional government in SK, are defeated by Canadian militia
 * 1885 – CPR completed
 * ABBOTT (1891)
 * THOMPSON (1892)
 * BOWELL (1894)
 * TUPPER (1896)
 * LAURIER (1896)
 * 1896 – Klondike Gold Rush begins (until 1899)
 * 1903 –  Alaska boundary dispute settled with no sea access for the Yukon
 * 1905 –  SK and AB created
 * 1910 – Royal Canadian Navy created
 * BORDEN (1911)
 * X 1914 – WWI begins (until 1918), War Measures Act used
 * 1917 – Halifax Explosion
 * 1918 – women get right to vote
 * 1918 – flu pandemic begins (until 1920) and kills at least 55 thousand
 * 1918 – RCAF created
 * X 1918 – Canadian Labour Revolt begins (until 1925)
 * MEIGHEN I (1920)
 * 1921 – Insulin is discovered at the UofT
 * KING I (1921)
 * X 1923 –  Saskatchewan Wheat Pool founded
 * MEIGHEN II (1926)
 * KING II (1926)
 * 1926 – Balfour Declaration makes us equal to all in the empire (in domestic and external affairs), thus de facto independence
 * X 1929 – Great Depression begins (until 1939)
 * X 1929 – Dust Bowl begins
 * X 1930 – SK gets jurisdiction over its crown lands allowing for additional source of taxation, less ag responsibility to nation, more influence
 * BENNETT (1930)
 * 1931 – Statue of Westminster implemented in UK, ends their ability to pass or nullify Canadian laws, formally recognises de facto independence
 * 1931 –  Estevan Riot as RCMP confront striking coal miners and kill 3
 * X 1935 –  On-to-Ottawa Trek
 * KING III (1935)
 * X 1939 – WWII begins (until 1945), War Measures Act used
 * X 1944 –  the SK CCF is elected (until 1961) to form the first socialist government in Northern America, will introduce many things (eg. 11 crown corps, FSIN, socialised medicine, rural electricity, bill of rights)
 * 1945 – Canada joins UN
 * 1947 –  Canadian Citizenship Act  gives newly created Canadian citizenship to all (previously British subjects) and from now on as birthright
 * LAURENT (1948)
 * 1949 – NL joins Canada after referendum vs independence or status quo (41% for in first round, 52% in second round)
 * DIEFENBAKER (1957)
 * 1960 – Indians get right to vote without having to forfeit status and treaty rights
 * X 1960 – Quiet Revolution begins
 * PEARSON (1963)
 * 1963 – FLQ founded (far-left, anticolonial, decentralised, militant), throughout 60s bombs anglophone people and places
 * X 1965 – Medicare implemented federally
 * 1967 – Expo 67
 * P. TRUDEAU I (1968)
 * 1970 – October Crisis as kidnappings (UK diplomat Cross, QC labour minister Laporte) with demands (eg. broadcasting FLQ manifesto, release of ‘political prisoners’), QC premier Bourassa asks and PET uses War Measures Act (to use military, deem FLQ unlawful; suspend due process, basic rights and liberties; allows searches and arrests without warrant, long detentions without charges nor right to see lawyer; opposed by NDP), Cross released (after negotiations allowing his kidnappers free passage to CUB) but Laporte est tué, hundreds arrested then released without charges, now politicians are less accessible and have security
 * 1972 – Summit Series
 * 1973 – Calder v BC sees SCC rule that Aboriginal title existed prior to colonial Canadian law
 * 1976 – Montreal hosts summer Olympics
 * CLARK (1979)
 * P. TRUDEAU II (1980)
 * 1980 – Terry Fox’s marathon of hope
 * 1980 – 1st QC independence referendum (proposal to establish all-but-economic sovereignty) fails with 40% of vote
 * 1981 – Terry Fox dies
 * X 1982 –  Constitution Act  patriates the Constitution (even with Quebec’s veto attempt, shut down by SCC) including the Charter and guarantee of treaty rights, giving total independence
 * TURNER (1984)
 * MULRONEY (1984)
 * 1988 – Calgary hosts winter Olympics
 * 1989 – CUS FTA to reduce trade barriers
 * 1989 – Montréal Massacre as 14 murdered, 14 more injured in gender-based violence at École Polytechnique de Montréal
 * 1990 –  Meech Lake Accord (signed 1987) fails to be implemented in time as only 8/10 provinces support [see below]
 * X 1990 – Oka Crisis ( Kanehsatake resistance) as Mohawk blockade to protest golf and condos in their land, injunction, armed police raid (officer killed in shootout; 1 warrior later killed also), QC premier Bourassa calls in CAF invasion, after 2.5 month siege Mohawks burn weapons and walk out (not surrender) but police don’t let them leave their contained area
 * 1991 – SK PC expenses scandal leads to fraud scandal, investigation convicting 14 MLAs (6 of whom got jail time), party collapse, 2 connected suicides
 * 1991 – SK satanic scandals (Martensville sex and S’toon foster parent)
 * 1992 –  Charlottetown Accord fails to be implemented after referendum with 45% of vote [see below]
 * CAMPBELL (1993)
 * 1993 – Clayoquot protests (or ‘War in the Woods’)
 * CHRÉTIEN (1993)
 * 1994 – NA FTA creates free trade zone
 * 1995 – Gustafsen Lake standoff for 1 month as Ts'peten refuse to leave land in ceremony, exchange fire with RCMP
 * 1995 – Ipperwash Crisis as Ojibwe occupy land taken during WWII under WMA, unarmed Dudley George shot and killed by OPP
 * X 1995 – 2nd QC independence referendum fails with 49% of vote
 * 1997 – Delgamuukw v BC sees SCC rule that Aboriginal has not been extinguished in BC
 * X 1998 – SCC rules there’s no right to unilateral succession under Canadian or international law, but if QC were to vote clearly in favour it should be negotiated
 * 1999 –  Nunavut is created following referendums in 1982, 1992 (56%, 69% in favour), land claims agreement in 1993
 * X 2000 –   Clarity Act  establishes that provincial succession requires a clearly phrased referendum followed by negotiations also involving all provinces and Indigenous peoples, and require a constitutional amendment
 * MARTIN (2003)
 * 2005 –  Civil Marriage Act  legalises same-sex marriage
 * X 2005 – Kelowna Accord
 * HAPRER (2006)
 * 2006 – IRS Settlement Agreement sees creation of TRC in 2008 (report in 2015)
 * 2009 – Swine flu pandemic begins (until 2010) and kills at least 428
 * 2010 – Vancouver hosts winter Olympics
 * 2011 – Jack Layton dies
 * J. TRUDEAU (2015)
 * X 2017 – C-Eu TA
 * X 2017 – C FTA to reduce interprovincial trade barriers
 * 2018 –  Cannabis Act  legalises recreational cannabis
 * 2020 –  Wetʼsuwetʼen protests begin (ongoing)
 * 2020 – COVID-19 pandemic begins (ongoing) and kills at least 28 thousand
 * 2020 – Fairy Creek protests begin (ongoing)
 * 2021 – 2021 heat wave kills at least 676 (in BC and AB)
 * 2021 – 2021 heat wave kills at least 676 (in BC and AB)


 * Tommy Douglas (1904–1986), politician, 7th premier of Saskatchewan, leader of the NDP
 * Terry Fox (1958–1981), athlete, humanitarian, cancer research activist
 * Jack Layton (1950–2011), politician, leader of the NDP
 * Louis Riel (1844–1885), politician, founder of Manitoba, political leader of the Métis
 * Lester B. Pearson (1897–1972), scholar, statesman, soldier, diplomat, and 14th prime minister

Notes


 * Cotroni crime family
 * Add IS stuff
 * Add List of prime ministers of Canada

Add : Bloody Sunday, Black Tuesday, …, G20 Protests, Railway protests, Convoy protests

Also add 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute?

Elaboration

 * Was a constitutional amendment package negotiated to gain Quebec's acceptance of the Constitution Act, 1982
 * Was negotiated and signed by all 11 First Ministers behind closed doors (part of its criticism) in 1987
 * Would've recognised Quebec as distinct society, allow provinces to opt out of federal social progras to make own ones, created First Ministers conference (to discuss Senate reform, fisheries, and more such as equality and Indigenous issues), amended constitutional amendment process
 * In accordance with Constitution Act, required ratification within 3 years by all 10 provinces; Quebec did so first, but Manitoba failed to finish hearings in time (despite all parties supporting it, MLA Elijah Harper singlehandedly fillibustered any attempt to allow unanimous consent to proceed without hearings as the accord didn’t consider Indigenous peoples as a party too) so a delayed deadline was suggested (which the new anti-accord Newfoundland premier used to argue against it, with his party voting in assembly to remove NL’s support)
 * In response, MP Lucien Bouchard (PC minister) walks out of the party and founds the BQ alongside other PC and Liberal backbenchers
 * Over time, Anglo Canadians views of the accord (and of Mulroney) went down too
 * In 2017, QC premier Couillard (Liberal) proposed having Quebec sign the constitution with a proposal echoing this accord but J Trudeau shot it down


 * Same goals as the Meech Lake Accord
 * Negotiated between 2 QC committees, 2 other committees, federal and provincial/territorial governments, and Indigenous groups (AFN, Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, Inuit Tapirisat, Metis National Council)
 * Would've recognized Quebec as distinct society (as part of 'Canada clause' of values), decentralised powers to provinces (forestry, mining, cultural affairs; remove Disallowance; allow provinces to opt out of federal social programs to make own ones; also eliminate interprovincial barriers), addressed Indigenous self-government, reformed House (more seats; at least 25% for QC) and Senate (equal number for each province, elected by provincial parliaments or people, effective a.k.a. less powers; for some matters require 'double majority' of both all senators and Franco ones)
 * Supported by all 11 First Ministers, PCs, Liberals, and NDP; opposed to by Manning (Reform; for too much Quebec, not enough Senate reform), Bouchard and Parizeau (BQ and PQ; for not going far enough), PET, and Elijah Harper
 * Could've been a constitutional amendment but Mulroney gov put it up to referendum
 * Final result: 45% for vs 55% against; less than 50% in Yukon, BC, Prairies, QC, and NS
 * In 2006, the House passed a motion to recognise QC "form a nation within a united Canada""


 * 1) War Measures Act – 1914 August to 1920 January
 * 2) War Measures Act – 1939 August to 1945 December
 * 3) National Emergency Transitional Powers Act – 1946 January to 1947 March
 * 4) Continuation of Transitional Measures Act – 1947 April to 1951 April
 * 5) War Measures Act – 1970 October to 1970 November
 * 6) Public Order (Temporary Measures) Act – 1970 December to 1971 April
 * 7) Emergencies Act – 2022 February to present

Constitution of Canda
Does not include those repealed before 1982 nor in 1982. Consider also Unsuccessful attempts to amend the Canadian Constitution, and add the unwritten and informal componenets of the constitution.
 * Documents in the constitution (1982) – all of which are Acts of the UK Parliament
 * 1) Constitution Act, 1867 – creates Canada as a federal dominion and defines its organization
 * 2) Manitoba Act (1870) – created and entered Manitoba into Confederation
 * 3) Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory Order (1870) – made Rupert’s Land part of Canada
 * 4) British Columbia Terms of Union (1871) – entered British Columbia into Confederation
 * 5) Constitution Act, 1871 – gave Canada the power to create provinces and territories and propose amendments to their boundaries
 * 6) Prince Edward Island Terms of Union (1873) – entered British Columbia into Confederation
 * 7) Parliament of Canada Act, 1875 – clarified the powers of Parliament
 * 8) Adjacent Territories Order (1880) – made the Arctic Islands part of Canada
 * 9) Constitution Act, 1886 – made possible for territories to have representation in Parliament
 * 10) Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 – extended Ontario’s boundaries to James Bay
 * 11) Alberta Act (1905) – created and entered Alberta into Confederation
 * 12) Saskatchewan Act (1905) – created and entered Saskatchewan into Confederation
 * 13) Constitution Act, 1907 – regulated transfer payments from the federal government to smaller provinces
 * 14) Constitution Act, 1915 – adjusted seat counts in the Senate for the Western provinces and Newfoundland
 * 15) Constitution Act, 1930 – gave the Western provinces control over their natural resources
 * 16) Statute of Westminster, 1931 – gave legislative equality between Canada and the United Kingdom
 * 17) Constitution Act, 1940 – gave the federal government jurisdiction over unemployment insurance, allowing for it
 * 18) Newfoundland Act (1949) – entered Newfoundland into Confederation
 * 19) Constitution Act, 1960 – instituted mandatory retirement for superior court justices at age 75
 * 20) Constitution Act, 1964 – extended the federal government’s jurisdiction over pensions, allowing for the CPP
 * 21) Constitution Act, 1965 – instituted mandatory retirement for senators at age 75
 * 22) Constitution Act, 1974 – modified House of Commons seat apportionment, including a Quebec guarantee
 * 23)  REPLACED  Constitution Act (No. 1), 1975 – granted a second MP to the Northwest Territories (replaced 1999)
 * 24) Constitution Act (No. 2), 1975 – granted one Senate seat to Yukon and the Northwest Territories
 * 25) Canada Act, 1982 – decrees that acts of the United Kingdom Parliament no longer extend to Canada
 * 26) Constitution Act, 1982 – introduced the Charter, recognized Aboriginal rights, created means to amend the Constitution and declared which documents (these 26 listed here) are part of it
 * Amendments to the Constitution (since 1982) – all of which are Acts of the Canadian Parliament
 * 1) Constitution Amendment Proclamation, 1983 – strengthened Aboriginal constitutional rights
 * 2)  REPLACED  Constitution Act, 1985 (Representation) – modified House of Commons seat apportionment formula (replaced 2011)
 * 3)  REPLACED  Constitution Amendment, 1987 (Newfoundland Act) – extended education rights to the Pentecostal Church in Newfoundland (replaced 1998)
 * 4) Constitution Amendment, 1993 (New Brunswick) – recognised English and French communities in New Brunswick as equal in the Charter
 * 5) Constitution Amendment, 1993 (Prince Edward Island) – allowed for a fixed link bridge to Prince Edward Island
 * 6) Constitution Amendment, 1997 (Newfoundland Act) – allowed Newfoundland to create a secular school system
 * 7) Constitutional Amendment, 1997 (Quebec) – allowed Quebec to replace denominational school boards with linguistic ones
 * 8) Constitution Amendment, 1998 (Newfoundland Act) – ended denominational quotas for Newfoundland religion classes
 * 9) Constitution Act, 1999 (Nunavut) – granded Senate representation to Nunavut
 * 10) Constitution Amendment, 2001 (Newfoundland and Labrador) – renamed Newfoundland
 * 11)  REPLACED  Fair Representation Act, 2011 – modified House of Commons seat apportionment formula
 * 12) Constitution Amendment, 2022 (Saskatchewan Act) – retroactively repealed tax exemptions for the CP Railway
 * 13) Act respecting French, the official and common language of Quebec (2022) – furthered French language superiority in Quebec
 * 14) Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act (2022) – modified House of Commons seat apportionment formula, guaranteeing no province can lose seats in federal electoral redistributions

Sorted by category

 * On Canada’s borders and its provinces and territories: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 18, A10
 * On education and language rights: (A3), A4, A6, A7, A8, A13
 * On the functioning of the federal government: 7, 19, 21, 26*
 * On the relationship between Canadian governments and Aboriginal peoples: 26*, A1
 * On the relationship between Canadian governments and certain entities: A12
 * On the relationship between the federal government and the provinces and territories: 5, 13, 15, 17, 20, A5
 * On the relationship between the federal government and the United Kingdom: 1, 16, 25
 * On the seats in the Parliament of Canada: 9, 14, 22, (23), 24, (A2), A9, (A11), A14

"Constitution of Saskatchewan"
The following lists documents of the Constitution of Canada that MAY pertain to Saskatchewan's provincial government. See notes in section above.
 * Documents in the constitution, 1982
 * 1) Constitution Act, 1867 – creates Canada as a federal dominion and defines its organization
 * 2) Constitution Act, 1871 – gave Canada the power to create provinces and territories and propose amendments to their boundaries
 * 3) Saskatchewan Act (1905) – created and entered Saskatchewan into Confederation
 * 4) Constitution Act, 1907 – regulated transfer payments from the federal government to smaller provinces
 * 5) Constitution Act, 1930 – gave the Western provinces control over their natural resources
 * 6) Constitution Act, 1940 – gave the federal government jurisdiction over unemployment insurance, allowing for it
 * 7) Constitution Act, 1964 – extended the federal government’s jurisdiction over pensions, allowing for the CPP
 * 8) Constitution Act, 1982 – introduced the Charter, recognized Aboriginal rights, created means to amend the Constitution and declared which documents (these 26 listed here) are part of it
 * Amendments
 * 1) Constitution Amendment, 2022 (Saskatchewan Act) – retroactively repealed tax exemptions for the CP Railway