User:TurtleStones7/Placopecten magellanicus

Placopecten magellanicus, previously listed as Pecten tenuicostatus and as Pecten grandis  and once referred to as the "giant scallop", common names Atlantic deep-sea scallop, deep sea scallop, North Atlantic sea scallop, American sea scallop, Atlantic sea scallop, or sea scallop, is a commercially important pectinid bivalve mollusk native to the northwest Atlantic Ocean.

Fishery
According to NOAA, the Atlantic sea scallop fishery is healthy, and is harvested at sustainable levels. The federal fishery is managed by NOAA Fisheries and the New England Fishery Management Council. The U.S. Atlantic sea scallop fishery is the largest wild scallop fishery in the world. In 2008, 53.5 million pounds of sea scallop meats worth $370 million were harvested in the United States. In 2018, 58.2 million pounds of sea scallop meats worth $532.9 million were harvested in the United States with Massachusetts responsible for the majority.

Between the 1960s and the mid-1990s, the U.S. federal Atlantic sea scallop fishery declined steadily. In 1994 a new set of management guidelines were implemented including a moratorium on permits, limited days at sea, gear and crew restrictions, and areas closed to fishing. Between 1994 and 2005, the biomass of the U.S. sea scallop population increased by 18-fold on Georges Bank and by 8-fold in the Mid-Atlantic Bight region.

The state of Maine has an inshore (within 3 miles) winter (December - April) scallop fishery that is managed by the Maine Department of Marine Resources. Scallops in Maine inshore waters are harvested by mechanical draggers or by SCUBA divers ("dive caught"). In 2009, entry to the fishery became limited, the season was reduced to 70 days, the minimum ring size increased to four inches, and 13 conservation closures encompassing 20% of coastal waters were created for the following three fishing seasons. In 2009 low harvest numbers caused the Department of Marine Resources to cut the season short and proposed a series of management measures. Entry to the fishery became limited, the season was reduced to 70 days, and the minimum ring size was increased to four inches. Additionally, 13 conservation closures (~20% of coastal Maine waters) were created for the following three fishing seasons. In 2012, the Department of Marine Resources proposed developing a rotational closure system for the fishery, based on a 10-year schedule. This rotational closure system was adopted only in the Zone 2 region of the state fishery. All three zones have different management tools that include limited access areas and in-season targeted closures. Since 2009, both dollar value and landings have gone up for the sea scallop fishery in the state of Maine.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch lists sea scallops as a "Good Alternative," its second best rating. Greenpeace red listed the Atlantic sea scallop, stating that scallop stocks are being overfished and that the fishing methods used are destroying corals and sponges. According to Greenpeace the fishery of scallops kills nearly 1,000 loggerhead sea turtles every year. Since 2015, chain mats and Turtle Deflector Dredges (TDDs) have been added to offshore equipment to reduce sea turtle deaths. This has caused a significant reduction in sea turtles getting caught in harvesting gear.