User:Ty Aldridge/Streptomycin

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History - Megan added the information starting with "Bugie was pursuing..."

'''Jennifer added information starting with " Streptomycin is well known..." & "Waksman wrote..."'''

Streptomycin was first isolated on October 19, 1943, by Albert Schatz, a PhD student in the laboratory of Selman Abraham Waksman at Rutgers University in a research project funded by Merck and Co. Waksman and his laboratory staff discovered several antibiotics, including actinomycin, clavacin, streptothricin, streptomycin, grisein, neomycin, fradicin, candicidin, and candidin. Of these, Streptomycin and neomycin found extensive application in the treatment of numerous infectious diseases. Although, streptomycin is well known for its ability to treat gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, its use has been far less favorable due to overwhelming antibiotic resistance. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic cure for tuberculosis (TB). In 1952 Waksman was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic active against tuberculosis". Waksman was later accused of playing down the role of Schatz who did the work under his supervision, claiming that Elizabeth Bugie had a more important role in its development. Waksman wrote of his discovery of streptomycin and portrayed his new-found antibiotic as an independent project, rarely even mentioning Schatz as the co-discoverer. Bugie was pursuing a master's degree in Waksman's lab at Rutgers University at this time. Prior to this, she received her bachelor's degree in microbiology at New Jersey College for Women. Although Bugie was considered to be the second author on the Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology paper, she was not listed on the patent submission. Bugie's contributions to Wakeman's lab were great. In addition to her work on streptomycin, she also helped develop other antimicrobial substances, had two peer-reviewed publications , and researched the use of antimicrobials against plant pathogens , among several other important contributions to the scientific field, particularly in regard to microbiology.

Schatz sued both Dr. Waksman and the Rutgers Research and Endowment Foundation, wanting to be given credited as co-discover and receive the royalties for the streptomycin. By the end of the settlement, Waksman would receive a 10% royalty, while Schatz got 3% and compensation for his missed royalties. The rest of the lab shared the remaining 7% of the royalties, in which Bugie received 0.2%.