User:TypistMonkey/Femicides in the State of Mexico

Femicides in Mexico is a technical-legal concept that refers to the murders committed against women for reasons of gender inside of the territory of the State of Mexico, one of the 32 federal entities in the Republic of Mexico. The concept of femicide has a penal scope in Mexico.

Although the case of the Femicides in Juárez City is the most well known on the international level, the number of murders of Mexican women is far greater. Various social organizations presented a request of a Gender Alert in the Mexican territory for this cause, but it was rejected in 2011 at the meeting of the National System to Prevent, Respond, Punish, and Eradicate Violence Against Women, so the representatives of the PRI Party supported the argument of the Mexican State Council of Women and Social Welfare that it was a strategy to affect the image of Enrique Peña Nieto, PRI governor, in view of the Mexican Federal election of 2012.

Context
The State of Mexico is the most populous Federal Entity in the Republic of Mexico, with a population of 15,174,272 as of 2010, of which 7,775,989 are women. The majority of the Mexican population lives in the municipality of Greater Mexico City, where where there are more populous sections, like Ecatepec de Morelos and Nezahualcóyotl City, whose population exceeds that of Toluca, the state capital.

The state government has ejercido desde la época de la revolución por el Institutional Revolutionary Party, aunque en varios municipios los partidos de la oposición han logrado una presencia importante y han ejercido las administraciones locales por períodos muy prolongados a partir de la década de 1990. In 2000, the State government created the Mexican Women's Institute, that was created to lead the political government directed at this sector of the population. In 2006, it disappeared to be integrated with the State Advisory for Women and Social Welfare.

On March 18, 2011, the local congress of the State of Mexico approved in unanimity the legal reforms to prevent and punish violence against women, which arose from the Forum for the Integral Development and Full Participation of Women, carried out on February 15, 2011, in the Mexican Cultural Central in the Mexican capital.

Cabe referir que el entonces gobernador Enrique Peña Nieto, sent from the local Congress, a series of initiatives that pertain to the matter of gender equality, on March 8 of the same year, these reforms included modifications and additions to the Penal Code, the Law of Women's Access to a Life Free of Violence and the Law Orgánica del Poder Judicial of the State of Mexico.

Situation in the Municipality of Ecatepec (2011-2015)
The State of Mexico assembled a large list of states with the most indications of aggressions against women, "Between 2011 and 2013, the entities that demonstrated the highest rises in homicides of women were Guerrero and Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Durango, Colima, Nuevo León, Morelos, Zacatecas, Sinaloa, Baja California, and the State of Mexico en dichos municipios se encuentran poco más de la tercera parte de la población femenina in the country, y es en estos donde se efectúan casi las dos terceras partes de los murders of women, haciendo que en los estados del centro sea más probable sufrir alguna agresión que in the states in the North of the country.

In summary, femicide has extended to more entities in negative synergy with the growth of criminal violence and other litigation phenomenons socially transforming in the last decade, while remaining high in the entities with the most historical development.

Ecatepec issues a list of the most dangerous municipalities, that from 2011 have increased in a considerable manner the malicious murders of women between 12 to 25 years in the municipality. On July 31, 2015, the National Commission for Prevention and Eradication of Violence Against Women formally issued a declaration of a Gender Alert due to violence against women for various municipalities of the State, including Ecatepec. 

In June 25, 2018, the Mexican Civil Organization IDHEAS, Legal strategy of human rights and the Institute of Human Rights and Democracy requested a Gender Alert for the municipalities of Toluca de Lerdo, Ecatepec de Morelos, Nezahualcóyotl, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Chimalhuacán, Ixtapaluca and Valle de Chalco because of the disappearance of women.  On September 20 of the same year siguiente se dio la respuesta por parte del government of the State of Mexico donde explica que en el Plan de Desarrollo del Estado de Mexico de 2017-2023 plantea una estrategia: ''Promote programs that draw attention to women and children who are victims of violence. ''

According to statistics from the Public Ministry in Ecatepec, between 2011 and 2015 Ectapec was the location of more than a fifth of murders of women in the State of Mexico, becoming more dangerous than Juárez City, and exceeding it also in number of deaths due to physical, sexual, or psychological aggression.

They determined that the majority of the murders of women are of four types: the first of them and the most common is este municipio según autoridades es el feminicidio íntimo que es realizado por hombres que eran allegados cercanos a las víctimas; the second type corresponds to sexual femicide, that which is committed by men that don't know their victim, la mayoría de estos casos vienen acompañados por raptos o secuestros hacia la víctima, privándola al mismo tiempo de su libertad; the third type of murder corresponds to death caused by a type of vengeance by a criminal organization; the forth type of murder corresponds to juvenile femicide- the death of minors.

Details of the phenomenon
According to the information presented by the Observatorio Ciudadano Nacional del Feminicidio and the Mexican Commission of Defense and Promotion of the Human Rights of Women, in the State of Mexico there were denunciados 922 homicides dolosos of women between 2005 y 2010. '''Esta cifra coloca al Estado de Mexico en una incidencia superior al caso de Ciudad Juárez, donde desde la década de los noventa hasta 2010 el número es menor a la mitad. La prevalencia de femicides en el Estado de Mexico fue de 3.8 por cada 100 mil mujeres entre enero de 2007 y julio de 2008, menor a la que se observa en Chihuahua, aunque en términos absolutos ocupó el primer sitio. '''

Organizations denounced that Mexico''', de forma casi “naturalizada”, alrededor de seis mujeres son asesinadas cada día. En 2019 la cifra se actualizó, siendo nueve mujeres asesinadas al día. “El feminicidio se ha naturalizando de una manera aberrante”, cuenta Francisca Daniela, abogada y directora de la organización Pan y Rosas, encargada de denunciar la situación de la mujer en el país norteamericano. In just two years, 2012 and 2013, 3892 women were murdered, just 613 of the cases were investigated, and just 1.6% received sentences, according to information from the Observatorio Ciudadano Nacional del Feminicidio.''' 46% of cases studied were brutal murders por apuñalamiento, quemadura, estrangulamiento o golpes; 16% of the women murdered were shot; and the 38% remaining the authorities could not determine the cause of death.

The Government of the State of Mexico in its Information about violence against women shows just three months (January-March of 2019), in which were reported 21 alleged crimes of femicide. The report stated that of victims of femicide in 2015 that 331 were 18 or older, 50 were younger than 17, and 45 were of unknown age, giving a total of 426 femicides in that year. Femicides increased in the following years. Se muestran 1003 feminicidios abarcando todas las edades anteriores en 2018, el índice se ha duplicado en solo tres años. Between January and March of 2019, 19 municipalities of the 125 in the State of Mexico '''de los se encuentran en los primeros 100 municipios con mayores femicides in Mexico. The State se encuentra en el primer lugar''' January to March in 2018 with a total of 87 female victims of malicious murder. Femicides can be classified by the situation in which they are committed, or the type of victim chosen. There were a total of 289 murders committed against women in the State of Mexico between 2007 and 2008: 39 victims were girls, 44 were killed by a family member, 23 were killed in the context of a sexual crime, 57 were killed by their romantic partners, 10 were working in stigmatized occupations (prostitution, for example) and 105 weren't a specific type.

Spending to end femicide
The State of Mexico spent 36,778,158 pesos between 2015 and 2020 in emergency actions to prevent, respond to, and punish femicides and forceful disappearances of women and girls in eight municipalities with the Alert of Gender Violence Against Women: Ecatepec in Morelos, Nezahualcóyotl, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Toluca de Lerdo, Chalco, Chimalhuacán, Naucalpan de Juárez, Tultitlán, Ixtapaluca, Valle de Chalco, and Cuautitlán Izcalli.

21% of the spending was apportioned to measures for prevention of femicides, 19.61% went to actions for security for women and girls, 5.29% went to justice measures, and 53.43% of the money spent didn't have a category.

Punishment for femicides
After 2012, rape and femicide in the State of Mexico is typically punished with the maximum penalty of life imprisonment.

This crime, according to the changes to the Penal Code and the Code of Penal Proceedings; to the laws: Organization of Judicial Power and the General Procedure of Justice that the law makes accessible to women a life free of violence, is punished with 40 to 70 years in prison and 700 to 5000 day-fines.

The modifications to the codes referred that the crime was considered as gender violence when there was violation of life, association, or exclusion; subordination, discrimination, or exploitation; when occurring against a person who has a relationship sentimental, emotionally intimate, or of trust, working or scholarly; when the aggressor engages in conduct that is sexually cruel or degrading.

No dejemos que las arranquen de nuestra vida and Protocolo Alba were campaign strategies created in 2015 to bring support to female victims of gender violence and the immediate location of missing children and women.