User:UAslam-Mir/sandbox

Drugs in Pregnancy
The Food and Drug Administration in the United States reports that there are six million pregnancies with at least 50% of the women taking at least one medication. During this time maternal physiology changes to nurture the growth of a placenta and fetus. Medications for blood pressure, diabetes and morning sickness have the capability of worsening symptoms or working differently when pregnant. Additionally, the properties of a developing fetus make it so various medications that the mother may take can now harm the developing fetus and adjustments may need to be made to medication regimens.

[Another area of concern with pregnant women is recreational substance use. Around 5–10% of women of childbearing age abuse alcohol or drugs. Of those who bear children, recreational drug use can have serious consequences to the health of not only the mother, but also the fetus as many medications can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Some of the consequences on the babies include physical abnormalities, higher risk of stillbirth, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and others.]

Diabetic Medications
Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that is first diagnosed during pregnancy, and can accordingly cause high blood sugar that affects the woman and the baby. In 10 - 20% of women where diet and exercise are not adequate enough to control blood sugar, insulin injections may be required to lower blood sugar. Medications that can be used in diabetes during pregnancy include Insulin, Glyburide and Metformin.

Anti-hypertensives
Antihypertensives are blood pressure medications used to treat high blood pressure. This class of medication typically is commonly used to treat problems such as heart failure, heart attack, and kidney failure. Caution must be exercised with the use of various hypertensive agents for the treatment of blood pressure. While Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB), and angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) have been shown to be potent anti-hypertensive agents, it is advised not to use them during pregnancy. ACE inhibitors and ARBs have known fetotoxicities when used during the 2nd and/or 3rd trimester. Signs and symptoms of ACEi and ARB use during pregnancy include renal damage/failure, oligohydramnios, anuria, joint contractures, and hypoplasia of the skull. Alternative agents are typically used to these medications for pregnant populations. Common alternative agents include methyldopa and beta blockers.

Cannabis
Additionally, many studies done on cannabis that evaluate its safety often fail to account for confounding factors, a variable that also could be having an effect on an outcome that is not the test variable. For example, tobacco use and sociodemographic differences are often not adjusted for accordingly in many studies.

 Sources  https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html - 1

https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/34/3165/5078465 - 2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935972/ - 3

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6370295/ -4

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355345 - 5

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404707/ - 6

https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/medicine-and-pregnancy - 7

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146000515000944?via%3Dihub - 8