User:UmaPrykhodko/Dhatupatha

Name Dhat-patha

Author Panini

Language Sanskrit Dhatupatha धातुपाठः (from two words: धातु «element, ingredient, word root» and पाठ patha : means "reading" or "lesson") — a book of Sanskrit grammar by Panini, written in the 4th century BC. This book lists all the verbal roots (dhatu) of Sanskrit, indicating their properties and meanings. The meaning of each root is given in Sanskrit. There are approximately 2300 roots in Dhatu-patha. Of these, 522 roots are often used in classical Sanskrit.

There are other similar descriptions of the roots of Sanskrit and commentaries to them, for example: “Dhatuparayana». And also, there are "Dhatupathis" by other authors, but with the same meaning: descriptions of the roots of Sanskrit.

Content and notation
Dhatu-patha is divided into two parts, in the second part - the content and an alphabetical list of all roots with the designations:


 * whether they are set (से.) or anite (आ.), beneficiary attribute: atmanepadi आ, parasmaypadi प ०, ubhaypadi उ ०, page (numbers in Devanagari and their correspondence to Arabic: ० - 0, १ - 1, २ - 2, ३ - 3, ४ - 4, ५ - 5. ६ - 6, ७ - 7, ८ -8: ९ - 9).
 * Dhaatupaatha_part_2.png root,
 * root meaning in locative (in Sanskrit).

In the first part, the roots are located along the ghana. Within the ghana, roots are sorted by endings and by their behavior during word formation and conjugation (roots with similar behavior are grouped into one section). Many roots in Dhatupatha were introduced along with anubadhas (anubandha is a letter that is not part of the root, but indicates some kind of rule, similar to the modern function of hyperlinks) [1].

For example

entry in dhatupatha: "एध" "edha", here the root "edh" "एध्" and anubandha "a" "अ". This anubandha means the root is atmanepadi (conjugated according to this type).

Types of verbal roots
The first root of Dhatu-patha"भू — to be"The first part of the book contains a list of verbal roots, broken down into 10 gan (by conjugation type). In the first gana there are about 1000 roots, in the rest it is much less.

In each gana, the roots are arranged in alphabetical order according to the last letter of the root and divided into subgroups according to the value of the beneficiary - atmanepadi आत्मनेपदम्,  parasmaypadi परस्मैपदम् и ubhaypadi उभयपदम्. The beneficiary is the subject for which the action of the root is performed.

Atmanepadi - verbal roots, the result of which is directed towards itself, for example:"root edh IAST एध् - 'to grow', grow for yourself"Parasmaypadi - the result of an action is directed at another person or entity, for example:"root ṇad IAST णद् - 'to sound', to sound for another"Ubhaipadi - roots with the benefit of both types, for example:"root tan IAST तन् - 'expand', expand for yourself and for another."