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Final S3
proxy war

A war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate

A proxy war or proxy warfare is a war that results when opposing powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly. While powers have sometimes used governments as proxies. Typically proxy wars function best during cold wars, as they become a necessity in conducting armed conflict between at least two belligerents while continuing cold warfare. Exmples:  (Spanish Civil War, Cold War, Second Congo War, Kargil War)

COLD WAR A cold war or cold warfare is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions.E.g( Greece vs. Turkey, United States vs. Cuba) foreign policy A country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations.

Deplomacy The art of dealing with people in a sensitive and effective way the art and practice of conducting negotiations(Understanding) between representatives of groups or states.If a labor union is not willing to strike, then the union is not going anywhere because management has absolutely no incentive to agree to union demands.[citation needed] On the other hand, if management is not willing to take a strike, then the company will be walked all over by the labor union, and management will be forced to agree to any demand the union makes. The same concept applies to diplomatic negotiations. Forms of Deplomacy Cultural diplomacy: “the exchange of ideas, information, values, systems, traditions, beliefs, and other aspects of culture, with the intention of fostering mutual understanding”. Cultural Exchanges play a critical role in the cultural diplomacy of a government.

Stick and carrot: a policy offering a combination of rewards and punishment to induce behavior. The phrase carrot and the stick is used nowadays to characterize a foreign policy by which a nation is to be rewarded with a carrot or punished with a stick, depending on its future behavior Track 2: Track II diplomacy is a specific kind of informal diplomacy, in which non-officials (academic scholars, retired civil and military officials, public figures, and social activists) engage in dialogue, with the aim of conflict resolution, or confidence-building.[1] This sort of diplomacy is especially useful after events which can be interpreted in a number of different ways, both parties recognize this fact, and neither side wants to escalate or involve third parties for fear of the situation spiraling out of control. shuttle diplomacy diplomatic negotiations carried out by a mediator who travels back and forth between the negotiating parties. the action of an outside party in serving as an intermediary between (or among) principals in a dispute, without direct principal-to-principal contact. Originally and usually, the process entails successive travel ("shuttling") by the intermediary, from the working location of one principal, to that of another. The term was first applied to describe the efforts of United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, beginning November 5, 1973,[1] which facilitated the cessation of hostilities following the Yom Kippur War. Negotiators often use shuttle diplomacy when the one or both of two principals refuses recognition of the other prior to mutually desired negotiation. Mediators have adopted the tBold texterm "shuttle diplomacy" as well.[2

Colonialism Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process whereby the metropole claims sovereignty over the colony and the social structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by colonizers from the metropole. Colonialism is a set of unequal relationships between the metropole and the colony and between the colonists and the indigenous population. The colonial period normally refers to the late 15th to the 20th century, when European states established colonies on other continents, specifically places in Africa, Asia, The Americas, Australia, and Oceania. During this time, the justifications for colonialism included various factors such as Christian missionary work, the profits to be made, the expansion of the power of the metropole and various religious and political beliefs.

Capatilism(sarmaya dari) An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market. Capitalism is a social system based on the principle of individual rights

Nationalism(qoom parasti) The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity.[1] There are various definitions for what constitutes a nation, however, which leads to several different strands of nationalism. It can be a belief that citizenship in a state should be limited to one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity group, or that multinationality in a single state should necessarily comprise the right to express and exercise national identity even by minorities.[2]

Racsim(nasal parsti) Racism is a belief that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to rule others. Racism is the belief that inherent different traits in human racial groups justify discrimination. In the modern English language, the term "racism" is used predominantly as a pejorative epithet. It is applied especially to the practice or advocacy of racial discrimination of a pernicious nature (i.e. which harms particular groups of people), and which is often justified by recourse to racial stereotyping or pseudo-science. Secularism (la deniyat ) Secularism is the principle of separation between government institutions and the persons mandated to represent the State from religious institutions and religious dignitaries. In one sense, secularism may assert the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, and the right to freedom from governmental imposition of religion upon the people within a state that is neutral on matters of belief.

The Renaissance During the Renaissance, there was a re-birth of classical learning in Europe. Renaissance means rebirth. The Renaissance, which followed the Middle Ages, began in the 14th century in Europe. When spelled renaissance, the word signifies revival rather than the historical, artistic period. RegionalismBold text In politics, regionalism is a political ideology that focuses on the interests of a particular region or group of regions, whether traditional or formal (administrative divisions, country subdivisions, political divisions, subnational units). Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, stateless and revolutionarysocialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production

Unipolar Unipolarity in international politics is a distribution of power in which there is one state with most of the cultural, economic, and military influence. a unipolar state is significantly constrained by anarchy, which sets it apart from a hegemonic entity which is able to control the foreign policies of other states\ e.g:( The most recent example of a unipolar world has been one dominated by the United States since 1991, in the after math of the collapse of the Soviet Union.)

bipolar Bipolarity is a distribution of power in which two states have the majority of economic, military, and cultural influence internationally or regionally. Often, spheres of influence would develop. For example, in the Cold War, most Western and democratic states would fall under the influence of the USA, while most Communist states would fall under the influence of the USSR. After this, the two powers will normally maneuver for the support of the unclaimed areas E.G(The United States and the Soviet Union during the peak of the Cold War.)( Britain and Spain during the 17th century.)

Technocracy is a hypothetical form of government in which science would be in control of all decision making. Scientists, engineers and technologists who have knowledge, expertise or skills would compose the governing body, instead of politicians, businessmen and economists.[1] In a technocracy, decision makers would be selected based upon how knowledgeable and skillful they are in their field