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Colobopsis is a genus of formicine ant.

Biology


Most species of Colobopsis are arboreal. Most construct nests in dead branches, though some species nest in rotten wood or epiphytic ant-plants.

The majority of Colobopsis species have a class of phragmotic major workers which block the entrance to the nests. However there is less phragmosis in Fijian and Southeast species, with at least some species lacking a major worker subcaste altogether.

Colobopsis pupae are not contained within a cocoon, unlike those of Camponotus.

Taxonomic history
The Austrian entomologist Gustav Mayr first circumscribed the genus Colobopsis in 1861. In 1903, the Italian entomologist Maximilian Spinola designated Formica truncata to be the type species of the genus. Subsequent entomologists like Carlo Emery in 1889 and 1925, William Morton Wheeler in 1904 and 1922, and William Steel Creighton in 1950 treated Colobopsis as a subgenus of Camponotus. William L. Brown, Jr. treated Colobopsis as a synonym of Camponotus in 1973. George C. Wheeler and Jeanette Wheeler treated Colobopsis as a subgenus in 1953, but said "differences of generic magnitude separate it not only from the other subgenera of Camponotus but also from other genera of Camponotini." In 1982, they wrote they "can certainly support the elevation by larval characters" and treated Colobopsis as its own genus. The American entomologist Roy Snelling also treated Colobopsis as its own genus in 1981. The generic status of Colobopsis was further supported by Philip S. Ward and colleagues following a phylogenomic study of the subfamily Formicinae.

In 1912, the Swiss myrmecologist Auguste Forel circumscribed Myrmogonia, which he treated as a subgenus of Camponotus. The American entomologist William Morton Wheeler designated Camponotus laminatus to be its type species in 1913. Ward and colleagues synonymized Myrmogonia with the genus Colobopsis in 2016.

The Swiss entomologist Felix Santschi circumscribed Condylomyrma, which he treated as a subgenus of Camponotus, in 1928. He included one species: C. (C.) bryani, which he described in the same work. In 1934, the American entomologist William Morton Wheeler synonymized Condylomyrma with Colobopsis, which he also treated as a subgenus of Camponotus.

In 1994, Jian Wu and Changlu Wang named a new genus, Dolophra. Their circumscription included only the type species, Dolophra politae, which was described in the same work. In 1995, Barry Bolton synonymized Dolophra with the genus Camponotus. Discussions with Fabrizio Rigato, Alexander Radchenko, and others led him to synonymizing Dolophra with Colobopsis in 2003; at the time Colobopsis was considered a subgenus of Camponotus.

Species
, approximately 100 species are recognized in the genus Colobopsis, including:


 * C. bryani (Santschi, 1928)
 * C. ceylonica (Emery, 1925)
 * C. explodens Laciny & Zettel, 2018
 * C. laminata (Mayr, 1866)
 * C. politae (Wu & Wang, 1994)
 * C. schmitzi (Stärcke, 1933)
 * C. truncata (Spinola, 1808)
 * C. vitrea (Smith, 1860)

Fossils
A fossil specimen of C. vitrea was found in copal from Sulawesi, Indonesia. This copal is likely only a few thousand years old, and dates to the Holocene.

In 1920, Horace Donisthorpe described a fossil species which he named Camponotus (Colobopsis) brodiei; this description was based on a specimen which Donisthorpe dated to the Oligocene. Ward and colleagues included Colobopsis brodiei in his 2016 list of Colobopsis species, but Alexander V. Antropov and colleagues in a 2014 paper said the holotype is "so poorly preserved that it does not permit attribution to a subfamily" and instead refer to it as "Formicidae incertae sedis". , AntWeb refers to Colobopsis brodiei as being "unidentifiable" and dates the holotype to the late Eocene.

Distribution
Within the New World, Colobopsis species are found from the southern United States to Costa Rica. It is also found in Eurasia from the western Mediterranean to Japan. It is also found in Australia south through Tasmania, and into the Pacific as far east as New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and Fiji. The genus is absent in the Afrotropical Realm and most of the Neotropical Realm.