User:UnderEducatedGeezer/sandbox/DNA

DNA is a double-helix biomolecule which carries genetic instructions. In it's stretched-out configuration, it looks like a twisted ladder. Each rail of it is comprised of nucleotides which are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. The nucleotides are connected across the rails by their base pairs to form the rungs. Sequences of these base pair rungs make up the genes.

DNA COMMPONENTS

NUCLEOBASES → → BASE PAIRS → → NUCLEOSIDES → → NUCLEOTIDES
 * NUCLEOBASES - nitrogenous bases
 * adenine (A)
 * thymine (T)
 * cytosine (C)
 * guanine (G)
 * uracil (U) (in RNA)
 * BASE PAIRS - linked bases, as specific pairs
 * adenine–thymine
 * guanine–cytosine
 * (adenine–uracil)
 * NUCLEOSIDES - a nucleobase and a five-carbon sugar
 * adenosine
 * thymidine
 * cytidine
 * guanosine
 * uridine
 * NUCLEOTIDES - nucleoside and a phosphate. three subunit molecules: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group consisting of one to three phosphates. Nucleotides are most often referred to by the names of their nucleobases.