User:UnoDosTrey

About Me
I am a college student at Rice University pursuing a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering. I have a deep interest in issues concerning Latin America, poverty, and the development of infrastructure for disadvantaged communities. I hope that I can use Wikipedia to shed some light on the factors that cause poverty to perpetuate itself in order to launch a greater effort to solve these problems.

Economic inequality
In most articles related to this subject, the subject of race and racial disparity is often glossed over, which damages the modern research identifying race as a significant factor in financial inequity and leads to a lopsided representation of the problems on Wikipedia. By adding content that increases the presence of race discussions within these topics, visitors could be better informed, leading to a more socially-conscious global population interested in finding solutions for racial disadvantage. You can find a more detailed version of my plan in my sandbox.


 * I intend to add a section describing these trends under the "Causes" section of this article.
 * I also may add information to the "Effects" heading to more accurately describe the sociological effects on certain demographics

Potential Sources


 * 1) Becker, B. “Mind the Income Gaps? Experimental Evidence of Information’s Lasting Effect on Redistributive Preferences.” (2020) Social Justice Research, 33 (2), pp. 137-194.
 * 2) Bapuji, Hari, and Snehanjali Chrispal. “Understanding Economic Inequality Through the Lens of Caste.” Journal of business ethics 162, no. 3 (March 2020): 533–551.
 * 3) Bell, Duncan. Empire, Race and Global Justice / Edited by Duncan Bell, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
 * 4) Brady, David, and Linda Burton. The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty / Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. First edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
 * 5) Mitchell, William P. Voices from the Global Margin : Confronting Poverty and Inventing New Lives in the Andes / by William P. Mitchell. First edition. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006.
 * 6) Finkel, Alvin. Compassion : a Global History of Social Policy / Alvin Finkel. London: Red Globe Press, 2020
 * 7) Buitelaar, Edwin, Anet B. R. Weterings, and Roderik Ponds. Cities, Economic Inequality and Justice : Reflections and Alternative Perspectives / Edwin Buitelaar, Anet Weterings and Roderik Ponds. Abingdon, Oxon ;: Routledge, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
 * 8) Bandow, Doug., and Ian. Vásquez. Perpetuating Poverty : the World Bank, the IMF, and the Developing World / Edited by Doug Bandow and Ian Vásquez. Washington, D.C: Cato Institute, 1994.
 * 9) Jeffrey D. Sachs, John W. McArthur, Guido Schmidt-Traub, Margaret Kruk, Chandrika Bahadur, Michael Faye, and Gordon McCord. “Ending Africa’s Poverty Trap.” Brookings papers on economic activity 2004, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 117–216.
 * 10) Marx, Benjamin, Thomas Stoker, and Tavneet Suri. “The Economics of Slums in the Developing World.” The Journal of economic perspectives 27, no. 4 (2013): 187–210.
 * 11) Pogge, Thomas W. (2003). Global Justice. Science and Society 67 (2):261-264.
 * 12) Pogge, Thomas W.. “Eradicating systemic poverty: brief for a Global Resources Dividend.” Sur. Revista Internacional De Direitos Humanos 4 (2007): 142-166.
 * 13) Anand, Sudhir, Segal, Paul and Stiglitz, Joseph, (2010), Debates on the Measurement of Global Poverty, Oxford University Press.

Poverty Trap
There are several stub/start-class Wikipedia articles that deal with the general theme of perpetuated poverty (such as Poverty trap, Cycle of Poverty, Culture of Poverty, etc.), but none of them examine the role that racial oppression and discrimination have played in handing down economic disadvantage through generations in black communities and other minority groups. I would like to ensure this reality is well represented and easily accessible by improving the content via:


 * Combining concepts of similar articles into one page
 * Adding a section detailing the racial aspects of poverty cycles
 * Presenting the main theories of poverty from top researchers
 * Filling in the missing context, scope, causes, and manifestations
 * Eliminating the current bias in the article in favor of neutrality

Potential Sources:

 * 1) Kraay, Aart, and David McKenzie. “Do Poverty Traps Exist? Assessing the Evidence.” The Journal of economic perspectives 28, no. 3 (2014): 127–148.
 * 2) Parks, Michael J. “Urban Poverty Traps: Neighbourhoods and Violent Victimisation and Offending in Nairobi, Kenya.” Urban studies (Edinburgh, Scotland) 51, no. 9 (2013): 1812–1832.
 * 3) Bandow, Doug., and Ian. Vásquez. Perpetuating Poverty : the World Bank, the IMF, and the Developing World / Edited by Doug Bandow and Ian Vásquez. Washington, D.C: Cato Institute, 1994.
 * 4) Shapiro, Thomas M. Toxic Inequality : How America’s Wealth Gap Destroys Mobility, Deepens the Racial Divide, & Threatens Our Future / Thomas M. Shapiro. New York: Basic Books, 2017.
 * 5) Toth, Russell. “Traps and Thresholds in Pastoralist Mobility.” American journal of agricultural economics 97, no. 1 (2014): 315–332.
 * 6) McPeak, John G, and Christopher B Barrett. “Differential Risk Exposure and Stochastic Poverty Traps Among East African Pastoralists.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83, no. 3 (August 2001): 674–679.
 * 7) Jeffrey D. Sachs, John W. McArthur, Guido Schmidt-Traub, Margaret Kruk, Chandrika Bahadur, Michael Faye, and Gordon McCord. “Ending Africa’s Poverty Trap.” Brookings papers on economic activity 2004, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 117–216.
 * 8) Sampson, Robert J. “Racial Stratification and the Durable Tangle of Neighborhood Inequality.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 621, no. 1 (2009): 260–280.
 * 9) Marx, Benjamin, Thomas Stoker, and Tavneet Suri. “The Economics of Slums in the Developing World.” The Journal of economic perspectives 27, no. 4 (2013): 187–210.
 * 10) Baradaran, Mehrsa. The Color of Money : Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap / Mehrsa Baradaran. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2017.

Death Row
This start-class article could use a general content review and update to account for all of the functions that go into a capital punishment system as well as an exploration fo the controversies and outcomes surrounding the death penalty. There is also the Capital Punishment article, which is significantly stronger in terms of content, but neither of them adequately address the disproportionate representation of blacks and minorities on death row in the United States and other countries. I would improve this by:


 * Addressing more fully the experiences of people put on death row
 * Examining racial make-up of death row demographics
 * Considering false convictions and statistics involved therein

Potential Sources:

 * 1) Jacobs, David, Zhenchao Qian, Jason T Carmichael, and Stephanie L Kent. “Who Survives on Death Row? An Individual and Contextual Analysis.” American sociological review 72, no. 4 (2016): 610–632.
 * 2) Blue, Ethan. “The Culture of the Condemned: Pastoral Execution and Life on Death Row in the 1930s.” Law, Culture and the Humanities 9, no. 1 (February 2013): 114–132.
 * 3) Philofsky, Rachel. “The Lives and Crimes of African-American Women on Death Row: a Case Study.” Crime, Law and Social Change 49, no. 4 (May 2008): 289–302.
 * 4) Freedman, David, and David Hemenway. “Precursors of Lethal Violence: a Death Row Sample.” Social science & medicine (1982) 50, no. 12 (2000): 1757–1770.
 * 5) Hames-García, Michael. “To Alcatraz, Death Row, and Back: Memories of an East L.A. Outlaw and Chicana Lives and Criminal Justice: Voices from El Barrio.” Latino Studies 6, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 229–232.
 * 6) Evans, Desiree. “Legislation Will Help Prevent Racial Bias in Death Penalty Convictions”, January 1, 2011.
 * 7) Jacobs, David, Zhenchao Qian, Jason T. Carmichael, and Stephanie L. Kent. "Who Survives on Death Row? An Individual and Contextual Analysis." American Sociological Review 72, no. 4 (2007): 610-32.
 * 8) Pierce, Glenn L., Michael L. Radelet, and Susan Sharp. "RACE AND DEATH SENTENCING FOR OKLAHOMA HOMICIDES COMMITTED BETWEEN 1990 AND 2012." The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 107, no. 4 (2017): 733-56.
 * 9) Chenwi, Lilian. "Initiating Constructive Debate: A Critical Reflection on the Death Penalty in Africa." The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 38, no. 3 (2005): 474-91.
 * 10) Anthony E. O. King. "Understanding Violence Among Young African American Males: An Afrocentric Perspective." Journal of Black Studies 28, no. 1 (1997): 79-96.