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Traditional Japanese scholarship proposes a system that differentiates between the two and. Within the inflection word class there are, and.

=Japanese Grammar=

State of being
だ da can be attached to the end of nouns and na adjectives to express state of being, but it sounds forceful. Attach じゃない ja nai to the end of nouns and na adjectives to express the negative state of being. Attach だった datta to the end of nouns and na adjectives to express the past tense. Negative past tense is expressed using ～じゃなかった -ja nakatta.

Summary of verb conjugations
Verb conjugates are often grouped into consonant-stems (五段動詞), vowel-stems (一段動詞), and action verbs. The plain form of a type I verb has an う u sound (u, tsu, ru, ku, gu, bu, mu, s u ), the ～ます -masu form has an い i sound (i, chi, ri, ki, gi, bi, mi, sh i ), and the negative form has an あ a sound (wa, ta, ra, ka, ga, ba, ma, s a ). The potential form has an え e sound (e, te, re, ke, ge, be, me, s e ) and the volitional form has an おう ō sound (ō, tō, rō, kō, gō, bō, mō, s ō ), so putting these together with the sounds above shows that verb conjugations follow the vowel syllabary of the Japanese character set:　あ a, い i, う u, え e and お o.

Summary of Japanese "adjective" inflection
Adjectival verbs (i-adjectives) are inflected by dropping the -i from the end and replacing it with the appropriate ending. Adjectival nouns (na-adjectives) are inflected by dropping the -na and replacing it with the appropriate form of the verb da, the copula.

Both adjectival verbs and adjectival nouns are made more polite by the use of desu, but the way that desu is used is different. With adjectival verbs, desu is added directly after the inflected plain form and has no syntactic function; its only purpose is to make the utterance more polite (see Honorific speech in Japanese). With adjectival nouns, desu is used in its role as the polite form of the copula, therefore replacing da (the plain form of the copula) in the plain form of these adjectives.

良い ii (good) is the only i adjective that doesn't follow the above rules. In present tense it is read as いい ii but since it derives from よい yoi all the inflections use that instead. For example, 良いですね ii desu ne ([It] is good) becomes 良かったですね yokatta desu ne ([It] was good). The same applies to the いい ii in かっこいい kakkoii "cool".

い i adjectives like 安い yasui ("cheap") have the い i changed to ければ kereba to change them to conditional form, e.g. 安ければ yasukereba; 安くなければ yasukunakereba. な na adjectives have なら nara added to them to change to conditional form, and just like all other ない nai form inflections, behave like an い i adjective when in negative form, e.g. 簡単じゃなければ kantan ja nakereba.

Transitive and intransitive verbs
Tofugu website Tae Kim's explanation Japanese_grammar

Useful links

 * Japanese_verb_conjugation
 * Japanese adjectives
 * Japanese_grammar
 * Table_of_Japanese_kanji_radicals
 * Simplified table of Japanese kanji radicals
 * Japanese/Grammar/Transitivity
 * User:Uno_b4/sandbox/Japanese_verb_conjugations
 * Japanese_Phrasebook/Conversation_essentials
 * Sugu_ni_Hajimemashō
 * Japanese/Contents