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= Kalaguru Thangalle Suwanda Hennedige Sauris Silva =

WIFE
Kasturi Aracchige Missinona Warnakulasuriya of the southern town of Dodanduwa was, of course, the woman behind the public persona of the husband. But she also ran a loving and efficient home, and was the Mrs. Principal of the neighbourhood. She was compassionate, visitors were looked after. [Sug Ed.. p. 19-21]

Suwanda Hennedige Sauris Silva (May 05, 1998 - Oct. 13, 1982), is a well-known and respected personality in Sri Lanka, formerly Ceylon. Popularly known as S. H. Sauris Silva, he was born in Tangalle in the Hambantota District. A school Principal by profession, he was also the lead dancer in his father’s Tovil exorcistic dance troupe. Multi-talented - social worker, newspaper Editorial Board member, public speaker, author and poet, among others, he portrayed himself as “Sauris Silva who gave the lie to the old adage, ‘One excels in only one thing in the world” (ලොවින් එකෙක් එක් දෙයකට වෙයි සමත). A morally upright devout Buddhist practitioner, he was a life-time teetotaler and non-smoker. He is best known for his pioneering role in both getting a name for Low Country Dancing (පහත රට නැටුම්), known as Tovil, and its due place in the Sri Lankan society, as well as committing to writing the oral tradition, initially publishing two books. State honoured as Kalaguru ‘Maestro of the Arts’, and his dance constumes donated to the Colombo Museum, a street in Tangalla has been named after him. He passed away at age 85, still healthy looking.

1.1 Birth and family background
S. H. Sauris Silva was born to Buddhist parents in Tangalla, in South Ceylon, also called Ruhuna, to Wickremasingh Saranachchi Patabaendige Dinohamy of Walgameliya (mother) [1] and Suwanda Hennedige Konnehamy of Kudawella. Oldest of three sons, in addition to two daughters in the family, his birthdate of May 5 is considered auspicious, since it is the Full Moon day, also associated with Wesak, the Triple celebration of the Buddha’s Birth, Enlightenment and Parinibbana ‘final demise’, and celebrated in many a Buddhist country, and recognized by the UN.

His father was the gold medalist “in a [dance] competition of 18 others in the Hambantota District in Southern Ceylon” [2]. His own dance troupe was made up of the three sons Sauris, Hendrick and Gunadasa. And when word got around that the Konnehamy Troupe was going to be in village or town, attending the all-night event were large crowds. If the other two brothers were more into the ritual side of things, Sauris was the dazzling dancer.

1.2 Childhood
In his childhood, what he chose to do were unusual – building model stupas [Buddhist reliquaries], arranging perahera [Buddhist parades], holding mock meetings under trees and making speeches. He also loved to display dancing, rounding up other age-mates [3].. Following the practice in Sinhala Buddhism of every child, girl or boy, being introduced to learning in their earliest years, it was also his father Konnehamy who taught him his first letters, also teaching him dancing. His primary education was at the Buddhist Sri Rahula Vidyalaya, in his hometown Tangalla. In his own words, the influence of his mother seems to relate to his spiritual side: “Amma [mother] likes alms-giving, to the Sangha [ordained monks], engages in meritorious deeds, with a mind for generosity …. She is also very conscious of shame and fear meaning here modesty. And it is along the same lines that she conducted the affairs of the family..” [4]

2.1 Education and Employment
His employment began while still a student, under an existing Monitor system. Showing his academic acumen as the best student in the higher grades, he was selected to teach the younger grades. In later years, he was to end up as Principal of his own alma mater, Rahula Vidyalaya, but over time, posted to many a school during his career. But, under the British Imperial system, he was paid only half the salary of his counterpart in the English medium.

Following retirement, he was to serve on the Faculty at the Heywood Arts Centre, as Lecturer on Low Country Dancing, writing the first curriculum. Jointly with S. Panibharata, Principal of the school and an Upcountry Dance veteran, the duo were to train the first ever Sri Lankan Dance group to make a visit overseas, this being to India. [5]

He has also served on the Editorial Board of Lankadeepa one of the two leading Sinhala Dailies published by the Times Group.

2.2.1 Marriage
He was married to Kasturi Aracchige Missinona Warnakulasuriya (1899-1963) of Dodanduwa, on August 8, 1924 [6]. As to her qualities, this is how Sauris himself speaks of her: “.. the difficulties that had to be faced, resulting from my employment debacles, …loss of salary…, she bore with not an iota of loss of love. She took all responsibility to attend to my mother and father in ill-health, and death.” Between her and him, “For the children, me and my wife, and the house became a school for behaviour and morals, learnedness and handicraft training”. The dance costumes that served as an attraction for the crowds were also to be hand-made by his wife.

Following the passing away of first wife, he was to get married to D. G. Susilawathie, of Devinuwara, a school teacher.

2.2.2 Family
Out of the 7 children in the Sauris Silva family, only 4 were to survive, the older son, too, dying at the young age of 11. Even though his income as Principal was meagre as it was, he made sure that the three surviving children were well educated, enrolling them at the fee-paying English-medium Catholic school, Christ Church College in Tangalla. It may be that his half salary itself was the eye-opener – to ensure that the younger generation would not come to face the same discrimination. Also educated at his cost at the same school was his nephew Chandrasena Daluwatta [pl link to http://www.peoplecinema.com/photo/1853.aspx ], who later comes to be known as the ‘Lawyer dancer’, trained in dance as well under him. The oldest daughter Sunanda (married: Balasuriya), trained at Bhatkhande Music School in Lucknow, India, ends up as music teacher at Ananda College, Colombo, the leading boys school. Chitra (married: Nimaldas), ends up as a Teacher of English as a Second Language in the Koslanda area of their residence. Sugunasiri, a US Fulbright scholar (1964), and with five academic degrees (London, Pennsylvania, Toronto), ends up living in Canada, both Buddhist spokesman [7] since 1980, and Buddhist scholar, in addition to many other contributions 

2.2.3 Practising Buddhist
A critical part of the personal life of Sauris was the attention paid to living a moral life. In his own words, he was “one who surprisingly made great achievements in the midst of poverty, taking a path eschewing the unethical behaviours of gambling, drinking and smoking that seemed to be in keeping with the lifestyle destined by the social environment.” He was “not one to know fear. He was a fighter for justice until death comes calling.” Having a fully supportive wife, “For the children, me and my wife, and the house became a school for behaviour and morals, learnedness” [8]

3.1 Dancer
Perhaps it is in his cultural life that Sauris Silva is best known in the country.

Well trained dance maestro, he was to be the principal dancer in his father’s troupe, even as he continued to be School Principal at Rahula. He was known for his sophistry in keeping to the dance steps meticulously and systematically, singing as well as drumming [9]

For all his sophistry, when a cultural show came to be organized for the young Queen Elizabeth visiting Sri Lanka (1952), Low Country Dance had been kept out. Political power in the hands of the Upcountry elite, it was only udarata naetum (upcountry dance) that was to be featured. [link https://www.google.com/search?source=univ&tbm=isch&q=Nephew+Chandrasena+Daluwatta+presenting+an+Eulogy&client=firefox-b-d&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWsNjkxvDtAhXOZSsKHfgBD1cQjJkEegQIAxAB&biw=1366&bih=607 ] This was when the mighty pen and the untiring efforts of Sauris Silva, the “fighter for justice until death comes calling” goes into action. Effort paying off, and invited to perform a Low Country Dance item, “The young impressionable Queen was supposed to have been mesmerized when the dance virtuoso, presenting three items, let out fire from his eyes … in the gini sanniya [fire dance]”.[10]

If this brought respectability to a folk tradition, held in low esteem under colonialism, his more lasting contribution was to commit to writing for the first time an oral tradition of Exorcistic ceremonies, called Tovil. While there were early studies on it in English, [11], in the view of Sauris Silva, they have been merely been descriptive, based on what they had heard, or had dealt with only aspects of it. But none of them provides a critical analysis of the art, “something only an artiste like myself, with personal knowledge, could do” [12]. It is thus that Sauris Silva comes to be the practitioner pioneer to commit to writing the oral tradition, this in Sinhala.

3.2 Author
His first publication, පහතර නැටුම් Pahatarata Naetum ‘Low Country Dancing’ (1965) was to be followed by සූනියම් සන්නික (Sooniyam Shantiya) (1970). [13]. Other books written, but not published are Pahatarata Netum, Pt II; Pahatarata Netum, Pt III; Tovil; Poorna vayanti Maalaya (පූර්ණ වියාන්ති මාලය); Ratayakun Shantiya(රට යකුන් සන්නිය) [14]. He was also a writer, poet and journalist.

4. Public Service
The professional life of Sauris Silva, as both School Principal and Lead Dancer, seem to have not stopped him from being an active social worker, and public speaker. In addition to his services to hometown Tangalla, like getting the street electricity line to be extended to the neighbourhood and building a special ward for the ordained sangha in the local hospital, his other services come to cover a wide range: Education; Cooperative; Rural development; Temperance; Health; Fishing Community; Religion; Teachers. Politically, he held positions such as President, Mahajana Sabha [People’s Association], Member Ceylon National Congress, making the public “knowledgeable of the Independence struggle”. He was also “the only teacher in the country, and the only from Ruhuna, to make a written submission to the Soulbury Commission”. This is not to mention his leadership in cultural associations, such as Founder President, Jayanti Kala Sangamaya ‘Jayanti Arts Association, and public speaker and writer on social issues. [15]

It was this exceptional record that makes him refer to himself, as “Sauris Silva who gave the lie to the old adage, ‘One excels in only one thing in the world’” [16]. It may be ironic that his name Sauris literally means ‘ ‘loving ‘em all’ (sau + ris)!

5. World travel
Joined by his son, he was to visit the holy places of Buddhist significance in India, in 1971, making a pilgrimage to Buddhagaya, Saranath, and Kusinara https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites. In 1981, he was to visit Toronto,Canada, visiting his son and his family, when he also performed Low Country Dance items on Rogers Cable TV, at the ripe old age of 8 [17].

6. Influence
The major visible cultural contribution made by Sauris Silva is the elevation of Low Country Dancing. Relegated to mythology under colonial rule, it is now taught at the University of Visual and Performing Arts, in Colombo, the curriculum written by him initially still providing the foundational basis.

An academic paper, “Ceylonese Tovil as Psychotherapy” (1967) seeks to show how Tovil, as a form of psychotherapy, is more complex and comprehensive than western psychotherapy [18]. Indeed patients not healed in western hospitals have come to be treated through these rituals. An added by product of the elevated status of Low Country Dance is that it has now attracted many a western scholar, who have come to study it both as psychotherapy as well as a rich resource in the discipline of ethnomusicology (19).

The earliest inquiry made of him from this field comes from a letter dated Oct 15, 1970, from Pamela Squires, a Master’s student at the Institute of Ethnomusicology, Univ. of California,

[Link ], looking to do research “on one of the Ceylonese dance traditions”. The letter addressed to Jayanti Kala Sangamaya, it ends with a P. S.: “Do you have the address of Mr. S. H. Sauris Silva who I understand was President as of 1959?” [20].

Among those who have written an appreciation of him in a special souvenir, Prashasti, published on the occasion of donating his dance costumes to the Museum, are not only leading Buddhist Sangha members but also Christian Clergy, political leaders and others in the artistic and cultural fields [21] Referred to as the ‘Star of Ruhuna’, respecting him is also a saudama (rhythmic poem) written by S. Panibharata, well-known Up-country dancer and former Principal of the Heywood Kalayatanaya [22]. A piece written by Kalinga Obeywamsa,, a low country dancer himself, notes the principled behaviour of Sauris Silva [23] His dance costumes have been donated to the Government Museum (Oct 29, 1976) [24]

The title of Maestro of the Arts (Kalaguru) from the State speaks to the respect earned by him. His dance costumes now at the National Museum in Colombo, a souvenir from the University of the Visual and Performing Arts received in 2017 now is part of the collection. .

Upon his death, his dead body, on public display at the A. F. Raymond Funeral Parlour on D. S. Senanayaka Mawatha, Colombo 8, was placed between two elephant trunks as in the tradition of honouring royalty. [25]: add photo]], visited also by Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, former Prime Minister, Sri Lanka.

It is in recognition of his services, by this Star of Ruhuna that the street in front of his traditional family home in Medaketiya has come to be named ‘Kalaguru Sauris Silva Mawata [Street’]’ LINK to Individual….. https://indivdual.utoronto.ca/suwanda36&#x20;&#x3E;.

8 References
8.1 Footnotes

[1] Mihira, Sinhala newspaper, cited in Daluwatta, 1976, 134-.

[2] Daluwatta, 134-.

[3] Daluwatta, 134-.

[4] “My Mother”, in Sauris Silva Autobio, in Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 29.

[5] Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 24.

[6] Silva, Sauris, “My Marriage”, in Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 32.

[7] Hori & McLellan, 2010, 377-399.

[8] Silva, Sauris, “My Marriage”, in Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 33.

[9] Guruge, in Sugunasiri (Ed), 15-16.

[10] Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 23.

[11] Among them are works by O. Pertold, Beryl de Zoete, Dandiris de Silva (in Silva, 1965, 3).

12. Silva, 1965, 4. 13. Silva, 1965. Silva, 1970.

14. Silva, 1970, viii.

15. Silva, in Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 35-44.

16. Silva, in Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 44.

17. See Sugunasiri (Ed.), 133-137.

18. Sugunasiri, 1967. .

19. See e.g., Jim Sykes .

20. Sauris Silva personal collection.

21. Among them are Father Marcelin Jayakody, Prime Minister R Premadasa.

22 Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 110.

23. Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 141.

24. For the print Media coverage of the event, see Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 99-121.

25. Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 191.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Daluwatta, Chandrasena, “The Low Coutry Kalaguru”, in Anura Dandeniya Aracci (Ed.), Sauris Silva Prashasti, Oct. 1976, republished in Sugunasiri (Ed), 2016, 134.

Guruge, Ananda W. P., “A Tribute: Tall, muscular and handsome Sauris de Silva: this is Ruhunu Dancing”, in Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 15-16.

Hori, Victor & Janet McLellan, 2010, “Suwanda H. J. Sugunasiri, Buddhist”, in Harding, John S., Victor Sogen Hori & Alexander Soucy, Wild Geese: Buddhism in Canada, 377-399.

Silva, Sauris, pahatarata netum (in Sinhala), 1965, M. D. Gunasena & Co. Silva, Sauris, Sooniyam Shantiya (in Sinhala), 1970, M D Gunasena & Co.

Silva, Sauris, “Autobio”, in Sugunasiri (Ed.), 2016, 29-44; in Sinhala, 57-90.

Sugunasiri,. Suwanda, H. J.,, 1967, “Ceylonese ‘Tovil’ as Psychotherapy”, Academia’edu

https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/94749/3/Sugunasiri_Ceylonese%20Tovil%20as%20Psychotherapy_Final_May_01_2019.pdf

Sugunasiri, Suwanda H J (Ed.), 2017, Sauris Silva of Tangalla, Sri Lanka : In the Eyes of Himself and Others, Colombo: Godage.

Sykes, Jim < HTTP://WWW.SAS.UPENN.EDU/ANTHROPOLOGY/ >.