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= HUMAN REPRODUCTION =

INTRODUCTION:
The process of formation of life from pre-exsting life is called as reproduction

The ability to reproduce is one of the distinguishing characters of the living organisms. process of reproduction is simple in primitive animals and becomes complex in advanced animals. Reproductionhelps in continuation of species and makes up the loss due to death of an organism.

two basic patterns of reproduction are observed among animals are 1.)ASEXUAL and 2.)SEXUAL.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
An individual can give rise to daughter individual by mitotic division of a part of its own body. There is absence of fusion of gametes. the offsprings are genetically similar to parents and they do not show variations. It is very quick method of multiplication. It is commonly seen in organisms like protists, sponges, coelenterates and certain flatworms.

production of offspring is carried out by a single parent without fusion of gametes. So it is also known as agamogenesis or agamogeny. It is also called as somatogenic reproduction. Offspring is identical to parent genetically. So it is also referred as clone. Variation may rarely be seen due to mutation

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
It involves formation of gametes and fertilization.In human beings ,sexes are seprate. human males and females differ in their sexual character.

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The primary sexual organs are the gonads.

Male gonad is known as testis which produces male sex cells or the male gametes called sperms or spermatozoa. Female gonad is known as ovary which produces female sex cells or female gametes called as eggs or ova.

Secondaryt sexual characters and secondary sex organs are different in males and females. Secondary sexual characters like mamary glands are well developed in fermales and rudimentary in males. males develop beard and moustache. the voice in females is pitched higher than in males.

Secondary sex organs include reproductive ducts for transporting gametes and accessory glands that helps in reproductive processes.

Gonads undergo the process of gamatogenesis and also produce sex hormones.The growth and functioning of gonads are regulated by specific hormones and luteinising hormone.

Human reproduction takes place by sexual metjod and exhibits viviparity. Events in sequence are-1) Formation of gametes(gametogenesis)  2)  Changes in female body for supporting entry of sperms during copulation   3)  Fusion of gates (fertilization)   4) develop ment of zygote   5)  production of milk for nourishing young one  6)   hormonal coordination by pituitary gland and gonads.

HUMAN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male reproductive consists of parts for production of gametes and copulation. The male gonads and testes are situated in scrotum, a pouch like pigmented skin arising from lower abdominal wall.Its wall consists of smooth muscles called dartis tunic muscles. It is divide into two compartments right and left by a muscle septum. each compartments encloses a testis, epididymis, and testicular end of spermatic cord. it lies below the pubic symphysis in front of upper part of thigh and behind the penis