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Hunayn Ibn Ishaq was a translator at the House of Wisdom, Bayt al-Hikma, where he received his education. In the West, another name he is known by his Latin name, Joannitius (Osaman). He completed many different medical works that pushed the idea of treating with medicine with the practice and art of physic treatments. Some of his medical works were pulled from Greek sources such as, Fi Awja al-Ma'idah (On Stomach Ailments) and al-Masail fi’l-Tibb li’l-Muta’allimin (Questions on Medicine for Students) and having these sources to drawn on keeps the original text (Iskandar). Hunayn‘s translations are some of the only remaining documents of Greek manuscripts that he translated to Arabic while he was at the House of Wisdom. He helped influence the art of medicine, and through his book al-’Ashar Maqalat fi’l-Ayn (The Ten Treatises on the Eye) he helped to expand the science of ophthalmology through theory and practice.

How Hunayn translated Greek texts was not a word-by-word translation but after building an understanding of the article and the language into Syriac (Iskandar). Usually his son, Ishaq ibn Hunayn would translate the Syriac reference into Arabic and then it was passed back to Hunayn Ibn Ishaq to complete. This helped to hold Greek history, language structure, and ideas from becoming scrambled as it was translated through the different languages. Parameters for translations were not defined and Hunayn worked with his students at the House of Wisdom to make a common set that would be used for their translations. It was crucial to study Hunayn’s habitus as he was the teacher and the rule maker, and it was important to understand how he viewed the world and his work as an outstanding translator (Iskandar). This was to make sure that any lines of thought were not subtracted or moved to misinterpret the current work. Greek science has been able to survive through to the New World based on the time done by Hunayn Ibn Ishaq and all other translators who worked at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad.

Building empires is not what Arabs were building towards, but they rather preferred to move towards building a civilization. It was the translations that came from administrative and legal materials gathered that lead to understanding of how to build up Arabic as the new official language (El Khamloussy). With translation difficulties of opposing types, namely interpretive and terminological. Interpretive translation is based on understanding the theme in the writing and drawing the ideas into the new translation. Leading to take the meaning of the select text in the written language and carrying the meaning through the new language. Terminological would be a “word for word” basis. This takes the literal version to stay as close to the authors words. Hunayn’s own method of research while in text to translate was his own that he had learned to incorporate into his school. This will lead to a common translation of the many different medical, astronomy, and philosophical Greek texts that would live on as the original piece of Greek culture and science that was lost through the ages.

Cooper, Glen M. "Isḥāq Ibn Ḥunayn: Abū Yaҁqūb Isḥāq Ibn Ḥunayn Ibn Isḥāq Al-ҁIbādī." Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. 1094-095. Web.

Osman, Ghada. "The Sheikh of the Translators." Translation and Interpreting Studies 7.2 (2012): 161-75. Web.

El Khamloussy, Ahmed. "Commented Translation of an Excerpt from Hunayn Ibn Ishaq's Epistle to His Patron 'Ali Ibn Yahya on the Translations of Galen." Order No. MM07845 University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. Ann Arbor: ProQuest.

Iskandar, Albert Z. "Ḥunayn Ibn Isḥāq." Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 1081-083. Web.