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Outline

Meta-Strategic Knowledge
1.	“Meta-Strategic Knowledge (MSK) is a sub-component of metacognition that is defined as general knowledge about higher order thinking strategies.” MSK had been defined as “general knowledge about the cognitive procedures that are being manipulated”. The knowledge involved in MSK consists of “making generalizations and drawing rules regarding a thinking strategy” and of “naming” the thinking strategy .”The important conscious act of a meta-static strategy is the “conscious” awareness that one is performing a form of higher order thinking. MSK is an awareness of the type of thinking strategies being used in specific instances and it consists of the following abilities: making generalizations and drawing rules regarding a thinking strategy, naming the thinking strategy, explaining when, why and how such a thinking strategy should be used, when it should not be used, what are the disadvantages of not using appropriate strategies, and what task characteristics call for the use of the strategy. MSK deals with the broader picture of the conceptual problem. It creates rules to describe and understand the physical world around the people who utilize these processes called Higher-order thinking. This is the capability of the individual to take apart complex problems in order to understand the components in problem. These are the building blocks to understanding the ‘big picture’ (of the main problem) through reflection and problem solving.

Sparks of Interest
Metacognition in the context of metnal illness is loosely defined as "the capacity to adopt a reflexive stance over one's own thoughts and feelings via a dialogue with oneself or with another person reinforces one's subjective sense of being a self and allows for becoming aware that some of one's thoughts and feelings are symptoms of an illness. ." The interest in metacognition emerged out of the concern for an individual’s ability to understand their own mental status compared others as well as the ability to cope with the source of their distress. . These insights into they're mental illness can have a profound affection on the over-all prognosis and recovery. Metacognitions brings many unique insights into the normal daily functioning of a human being. It also demonstrates that with a lack of these insights compromise ‘normal’ functioning. Which leads to less healthy functioning. In the Autism spectrum, there is a profound inability to empathize and feel apathy towards the mind’s of other human beings. . In alcoholics, there is a belief that the need to control cognitions is an independent predictor of alcohol use over anxiety. Alcohol may be used as a behavior coping strategy for controlling unwanted thoughts and emotions formed by negative perceptions. This are sometimes referred to as self medication.

Implications
Well’s and Matthew’s theory proposes that when faced with an undesired choice, and individual can operate in two distinct modes: ‘object and ‘Metacognitive.’ Object mode interprets perceived stimuli as truth, where Metacognitive mode understands thoughts as cues that have to be weighted and evaluated. They are not as easily trusted. There are targeted interventions unique of each patient, that gives rise to the belief that assistance in increasing metacognition in schizophrenics is possible through tailored psychotherapy. With a customized therapy in place clients then have the potential to develop greater ability to engage in complex self-reflection. . This can ultimately be pivotal in the patient's recovery process. In the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder spectrum, cognitive formulations have greater attention to intrusive thoughts related to the disorder. "Cognitive Self-Consciousness" are the tendencies to focus attention on thought. Patients with OCD exemplify varying degrees of these ‘intrusive thoughts.’ Patients also suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder also show negative thought process in their cognition. .

With any metacognition strategy, the general consensus is to believe that they are good. But in all actuality some may be very harmful. Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome (CAS) characterizes a Metacognitive model of emotion disorder. CAS is consistent with the constant with the attention strategy of excessively focusing on the source of a threat. This ultimately develops through the client’s own beliefs. Metacognitive therapy attempts to correct this change in the CAS. One of the techniques in this model is called Attention Training (ATT). It was designed to diminish the worry and anxiety by a sense of control and cognitive awareness. Also ATT trains clients to detect threats, test how controllable reality appears to be. .